45份青海春小麦品种矮秆基因检测及效应分析

Detection and Effect Analysis of Dwarf Genes in 45 Qinghai Spring Wheat Varieties

为明确矮秆基因Rht-B1和Rht-D1在青海春麦区小麦品种中的分布,以青海春麦区历年种植的45份春小麦品种(25份育成品种,14份引进品种,6份地方品种)为材料,利用KASP标记技术检测其两个矮秆基因的分布,并分析这两个矮秆基因对株高、穗长、小穗数和穗粒数的影响。结果表明,Rht-B1位点上存在Rht-B1a和Rht-B1b两种等位变异,分布频率分别为91.11%和8.89%;Rht-D1位点上存在Rht-D1a和Rht-D1b两种等位变异,分布频率分别为86.67%和13.33%。25份育成品种中,Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的分布频率分别为16.00%和12.00%,未发现Rht-B1a和Rht-D1a;引进品种中仅含有Rht-D1b,分布频率为21.43%;地方品种中未发现Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b。Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b均具有一定的降秆效应,Rht-D1b的降秆效应大于Rht-B1b。携带Rht-B1a/Rht-D1b品种的株高显著低于携带Rht-B1a/Rht-D1a和Rht-B1b/Rht-D1a的品种,该组合类型不仅可使株高降低,也可增加小穗数和穗粒数;未发现携带Rht-B1b/Rht-D1b组合类型的品种。

In order to clarify the distribution of dwarf genes(Rht-B1 and Rht-D1)in wheat varieties planted in Qinghai spring wheat region,45 wheat varieties(25 bred varieties,14 introduced varieties,6 landraces)were used to detect the gene distribution and their effects on plant height,spike length,number of spikelets,and number of grains per spike were analyzed.The results showed that there were two alleles of Rht-B1a and Rht-B1b at Rht-B1 locus,with distribution frequency of 91.11%and 8.89%,respectively.Two alleles Rht-D1a and Rht-D1b were found at Rht-D1 locus,with distribution frequency of 86.67%and 13.33%,respectively.In 25 bred varieties,the distribution frequency of the two alleles Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b was 16.00%and 12.00%,respectively;Neither Rht-B1a nor Rht-D1a was found.Rht-D1b allele was only found in the introduced varieties,with the distribution frequency of 21.43%.Neither Rht-B1b nor Rht-D1b was found in landraces.Both Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b have the effect of reducing plant height,and the effect of Rht-D1b is greater than that of Rht-B1b.The plant height of the varieties carrying Rht-B1a/Rht-D1b was significantly lower than that of the varieties carrying Rht-B1a/Rht-D1a and Rht-B1b/Rht-D1a,and this combination type not only reduced plant height,but also increased the number of spikelets and grains per spike.No varieties containing Rht-B1b/Rht-D1b were found.