小麦新品系的赤霉病抗性及分子标记分析

Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Molecular Marker Analysis of New Wheat Lines

为有效降低赤霉病对我国黄淮麦区小麦生产的影响,培育抗赤霉病小麦新品种,以自主创制的13个抗赤霉病稳定的小麦新品系为材料,利用赤霉病菌地表接种和单花滴注法接种鉴定、分子标记检测等技术,鉴定其抗病性、主要农艺性状及赤霉病抗性相关的遗传基础。结果表明:(1)品系Xn12-2和Xn13-2对赤霉病表现为抗,平均病小穗率为11.5%和13.4%,严重度为1.9;其余11个品系表现中抗,平均病小穗率均小于30%,严重度均小于3.0,其中4个品系(Xn12-2、Xn10-2、Xn12-3和Xn12-7)兼抗条锈病;(2)参试新品系的越冬抗寒性较好,株高较矮(67~82 cm),穗较长(9.6~11.3 cm),千粒重高(39.2~50.2 g);(3)11个品系携带有苏麦3号的Fhb1基因,部分品系兼具苏麦3号的Fhb2、Fhb5或QFhs.crc-2DL位点的优异等位变异。综上所述,参试部分品系不仅具有良好的赤霉病和条锈病抗性,其主要农艺性状基本满足黄淮南部麦区的主要育种目标要求,可作为小麦抗赤霉病改良的材料。

To effectively reduce the influence of Fusarium head blight(FHB)on wheat production in Yellow and Huai River Valleys Wheat Zone and to develop new wheat varieties resistant to FHB,this study used 13 locally bred wheat lines resistance to FHB as materials,their resistance to disease,main agronomic traits and genetic basis of resistance to FHB were investigated by comprehensive use of surface inoculation and single-flower drip inoculation identification,molecular marker detection and other technologies.Results showed that:the resistance level of lines Xn12-2 and Xn13-2 reached the level of resistance to FHB,with an average diseased spikelet rate of 12.4%and a severity of 1.9.The other 11 lines displayed moderately resistant,such as the average diseased spikelet rate of less than 30%and the severity of less than 3.0.Four lines Xn12-2,Xn10-2,Xn12-3 and Xn12-7 were also resistant to stripe rust.The tested lines had better cold tolerance,lower plant height,longer panicle,and higher 1000-grain weight.There are 11 of the lines carrying the Fhb1 gene locus of Sumai 3,and some of the lines had excellent alleles of the Fhb2 ,Fhb5 or QFhs.crc-2DL marker locus of Sumai 3.Taken together,we suggested that some of the tested lines not only had good resistance to FHB and stripe rust,but also basically met the requirements of main breeding objectives in the southern wheat area of Huai River Valleys in their main agronomic traits.This study provided a theoretical basis for further selection and utilization of the elite wheat lines.