酿酒专用小麦研究进展

Research Progress on Wheat for Chinese Baijiu

我国是世界上最早用曲酿酒的国家。小麦既是制曲原料(小麦占95%~100%),也是酿酒发酵的主要原料之一,其品质影响着白酒的质量和风味。随着社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,对白酒的品质要求也更高,越来越多的酒企更加注重从“一粒种子到一滴美酒”的每一个细节,白酒企业对制曲和酿酒专用小麦的需求不断上升。在巨大的市场需求下,酿酒专用小麦研究逐渐被重视,我国酿酒专用小麦研究取得了一些进展,育成了一批酿酒专用小麦品种,酿酒专用小麦种植面积不断扩大。但我国白酒产业“酒强粮弱”的整体现状仍未改变,且酒企对制曲和酿酒的质量评价通常以感观评价为主,酿酒专用小麦品质与酿造品质指标缺少有效衔接,还未建立相互联系的定量指标体系。本文试图探讨酿酒专用小麦的质量要求、需求现状、品种选育、栽培技术研究进展;针对我国酿酒专用小麦产业发展中的问题,从品种改良、标准化种植、基地建设等方面提出了意见和建议,以期为酿酒专用小麦产业健康发展提供借鉴。

China is the first country in the world to make liquor with koji.Wheat is the raw material for koji making(accounting for 95%-100%)and Chinese Baijiu brewing,and its quality affects the quality and flavor of liquor.With the development of the economy and society,and the improvement of people s living standards,the quality requirements for Chinese Baijiu have become also higher,and more and more Chinese Baijiu companies have paid more attention to every detail from“a grain of cereal to a drop of fine Chinese Baijiu”,especially for wheat as a special raw material for Chinese Baijiu.Under the huge market demands,the research on wheat for Chinese Baijiu has attrcted more and more attention.Research progress has been made in the research of wheat for Chinese Baijiu.After years of breeding,cultivation and other technical research,the special wheat varieties for brewing have increased and a number of wheat varieties for Chinese Baijiu were obtained;the planting area of the special wheat for brewing has been expanding.However,the overall situation of“strong liquor and weak grain”in Chinese Baijiu industry has not changed,and the quality evaluation of Chinese Baijiu koji-making and Chinese Baijiu-making by Chinese Baijiu-making enterprises is usually based on sensory evaluation.The quality of special wheat for Chinese Baijiu-making and the quality index of Chinese Baijiu-making are lack of effective connection,and a quantitative index system has not been established.This paper attempts to explore the quality requirements of wheat for Chinese Baijiu brewing.We described the concept and quality requirements,demand status,variety breeding and cultivation technology.Regarding the problems in the development of wheat industry for Chinese Baijiu brewing in China,some suggestions were put forward from the aspects of variety improvement,standardized planting and base construction,so as to provide reference for the healthy development of wheat industry for Chinese Baijiu brewing.