轮轨综合磨耗下对高速列车动力学性能的影响

Effect of Comprehensive Wheel-rail Wear on Dynamic Performance of High-speed Trains

高速铁路长时间运营,经常发生车轮多边形磨耗,并伴随钢轨波磨,两种损伤形式对列车运行特性的综合影响有待深入研究。采用简谐函数法建立车轮多边形模型,设计余弦函数描述钢轨不平顺磨耗,建立列车刚柔耦合动力学模型,分析不同车轮多边形及钢轨波磨综合磨耗情况下,列车的动力学性能的影响,并提出轮轨综合磨耗的安全限值。结果表明:在轮轨综合磨耗激扰下对列车的动力学性能的影响更为剧烈;列车运行速度为300 km/h下,轮轨垂向力增长幅值最大达到30%,车轮与25阶振型模态产生共振;车轮多边形比钢轨波磨对垂向力的影响更大;不同多边形阶次、幅值下,轮轨综合磨耗工况对轴箱、轮对以及钢轨垂向振动加速度影响更大。车轮多边形安全限值更小,多边形幅值限值平均降低了25.9%,在轮轨综合磨耗作用下更易超出限值;当速度为300 km/h,提出了钢轨波磨和车轮多边形阶次在一定范围内的安全限值。

High-speed railways have been operating for a long time,and polygonal wear of the wheels often occurs,accompanied by rail corrugation.The comprehensive influence of these two types of damage on the running characteristics of train needs further investigation.The simple harmonic function method was adopted to establish the wheel polygon model,designing the cosine function to describe the rail irregularity wear,establishing the rigid-flexible coupling vehicle dynamics model of the wheelset.The influences of different wheel polygons and rail corrugated wear on train dynamic performance were analyzed and the safety limit of comprehensive wheel-rail wear was obtained.The results show that the influence on the dynamic performance of the train is more intense under the excitation of wheel-rail comprehensive wear.When the train speed is 300 km/h,the maximum increase amplitude of wheel-rail vertical force reaches 30%,and the wheel resonates with the 25th order vibration mode.Wheel polygon has greater influence on vertical force than rail corrugation;under different polygon order and amplitude,wheel-rail comprehensive wear condition has greater influence on vertical vibration acceleration of axle box,wheelset and rail.The wheel polygon safety limit is smaller,the polygon amplitude limit is reduced by 25.9%on average,and it is easier to exceed the limit under the action of wheel-rail comprehensive wear.When the speed is 300 km/h,the safety limits of rail corrugation and wheel polygon order in a certain range are proposed.