比较视域下1718世纪的西方民主政治论与中国民本思想

A comparative perspective on western democratic political theory and Chinese people-oriented thought from the 17th to 18th century

以对人的本体性认识为基础建构政治思想理论,中西方形成了不同的政治论,主要表现为“民本”和“民主”的差异,这种差异源于不同文化体系的特质,并且在中西启蒙思想的近代性交汇中也没有消弭。“民本”和“民主”“权利”理论在中西方各自的文化源流中凝结出分属自己的形态,在比较的视域下对二者进行理论分梳,剖析其基本内涵及理论范式,可以得出,从思想源流上看是自然法理论与宗法文化观生成了不同的思想特性,在内在基本理路上则是西方体现为“权利”维度,中国体现为“关系”维度,同时差异之中还存在着重叠与联系,即民本思想中蕴含的民主性因子。经此比较探究,中西启蒙思想在近代性构建中的内在差别可见一斑,中国传统政治思想的连续性、包容性也得以充分体现。

The theory of political ideologies was constructed on the basis of the ontological understanding of human beings,and different political theories were formed between China and the West,mainly manifested in the differences between“people first”and“democracy”,which originated from the characteristics of different cultural systems,and did not disappear in the modern exchanges of Chinese and Western enlightenment thoughts.The theories of“people first”and“democracy”and“rights”condense into their own forms in the respective cultural origins of China and the West.China has a“relationship”dimension,and there is also overlap and connection among the differences,which is the democratic factor contained in the people-oriented ideology.Through this comparison and exploration,the internal differences between Chinese and Western enlightenment thoughts in the construction of modernity can be seen,and the continuity and inclusiveness of Chinese traditional political ideologies can also be fully reflected.