一种能量均衡的WSN非均匀路由协议

An Improved Energy-Balance Unequal Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

针对无线传感器网络中节点随机分布造成能耗不均的问题,提出了一种能量均衡的非均匀路由协议,开始阶段,整个网络基于节点到Sink节点距离被划分为大小不同的簇;簇建立时,各节点根据本身所在位置、相对剩余能量计算簇首竞争时间,采用时序方式确定簇首,非簇首节点根据与簇首的距离及簇首剩余能量选择加入簇;簇间路由阶段,以Sink为根节点,以簇首剩余能量、簇首间距为参数构建基于最小生成树。数据传输时,采用簇内单跳,簇间以最小生成树路径多跳方式将数据传输到Sink节点。采用OPNET软件对本文协议与UCRAMST算法进行比较实验,仿真结果显示,该路由协议能有效均衡能耗、节约能量,延长网络生命周期,提高了网络整体性能。

Aiming at the energy consumption unbalance for sensor nodes random distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks,an improved energy-balance unequal clustering routing protocol is proposed.At the beginning,the whole network is divided into clusters of different sizes based on the distance between nodes and Sink nodes.In the cluster establishment phase,each node calculates the cluster head competition time according to its location and relative residual energy.The cluster head is selected by time series,and the noncluster head nodes choose to join the cluster according to the distance from the cluster head and the residual energy of the cluster head.In the stage of routing establishment,the protocol builds a minimum spanning tree,according to the residual energy of cluster heads,and the distance between cluster heads.In the stage of data transmission,the data of node in the cluster is transmitted to the cluster head,then the cluster head gathers the data and transmits it to the Sink node in the minimum spanning tree path by multi hop mode.Comparative experiments are conducted using OPNET software to compare the protocol proposed in this paper with the UCRAMST algorithm,and the simulation shows that the routing protocol can effectively balance energy consumption,save energy,the life cycle of the network is prolonged and the overall performance of the network.