产业多样化、创新要素市场化与创新效率研究——基于分省份数据的实证分析

Empirical Analysis on the Relationship Between Industry Variety and Innovation Efficiency Based on Data From Provinces

创新效率与创新要素所在的环境密切相关,其中产业多样化对于创新效率的影响并不固定,在实际中还要将创新要素市场化程度、人力资本状况、金融支持创新能力等纳入研究框架。基于2010—2019年中国各省份(省、自治区和直辖市)分产业数据,以DEA法测度创新效率,采用熵指数法测度相关多样化和非相关多样化,研究了产业多样化对创新效率的影响。研究发现,相关多样化对创新效率具有促进效应,非相关多样化对创新效率的影响与相关多样化相反;创新要素市场化对创新效率也具有正向影响,且对多样化促进创新效率提升存在中介效应。在分区域方面,南方省份的市场化程度比北方省份的市场化程度在提高创新效率方面作用更为显著,但导致双方创新效率差异的主要原因是产业非相关多样化差异。结论经多种检验都比较稳健,为各省份提升创新效率提供了经验证据。

Innovation efficiency is closely related to the environment of innovation factors,in which the impact of industrial diversification on innovation efficiency is not fixed.In practice,the degree of marketization of innovation factors,the status of human capital,and the ability of financial support for innovation should be included in the research framework.Based on the industry data of each province in China from 2010 to 2019,measuring the efficiency of technological innovation by DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis method)method,and the entropy index method is used to measure related variety and unrelated variety,the PCA(principal component analysis)method is used to measure the innovation factor marketization index,and study the impact of industry variety and factor marketization on the innovation efficiency of provinces.The research found that:industry variety has a promoting effect on innovation efficiency,and factor marketization also has a positive effect on innovation efficiency;related variety and unrelated variety have opposite effects on innovation efficiency;And there is an mediating effect on diversification and promotion of innovation efficiency. Regionally, the market level in southern provinces has a more significant role in promoting innovation than the market level in northern provinces. The main reason for the difference in efficiency is the large difference in unrelated variety. Our conclusions are relatively robust after various tests, and provide empirical evidence for the promotion of technological innovation efficiency through industrial diversification and factor marketization in various provinces.