石油钻探自锁式钻具倒扣装置的研制

Development of self⁃locking drill tool back⁃off assembly for petroleum drilling

卡钻是钻井工程中常见也是危害严重的井下事故,当卡钻无法解除时只能通过倒扣方式将卡点以上钻具起出,如何做到快速有效的倒扣,是国内外钻井工程至今未能完全解决的技术难题,目前没有专用的倒扣装置,一般采用原钻具直接倒扣和爆炸松扣来完成,但爆炸松扣单次费用昂贵,同时还存在安全风险。采用基于TRIZ创新理论的机械系统替代原理、SIT功能合并及嵌套技术,研制出石油钻探自锁式钻具倒扣装置,与外径较大的钻具联结,当卡钻发生后,将倒扣堵球从井口钻具内投入,利用泵压推动堵球并带动花键套向下移动,解锁反扣装置,通过地面反转钻具,实现快速倒扣作业,缩短了卡钻处理周期,消除了爆炸松扣所带来的安全隐患,节约了生产的直接成本,为优快钻井提供技术保障,具有较好的推广应用前景。

Sticking of drill tools is a common and serious downhole accident in drilling engineering.When sticking of drill tools cannot be released,the drill tools above the stuck point can only be pulled out by reversing.How to achieve fast and effective back⁃off is a technical problem that has not been fully solved in drilling engineering at home and abroad.There is currently no dedicated back⁃off assembly available,generally,the original drill tools are directly reversed and breakouting by explosion to complete,the cost for single breakouting by explosion is high with safety risks.Using mechanics substitution principle based on TRIZ innovation theory and SIT function merging and nesting technology,a self⁃locking drill tool back⁃off assembly for petroleum drilling has been developed,which is connected with the larger outer diameter drill tool.When sticking of drill tools occurs,put the back⁃off blocking ball from the wellhead drill tool,use the pump pressure to push the blocking ball and drive the spline sleeve to move down,and unlock the left⁃hand device.By reversing the drill tools on the ground,rapid back⁃off operation is achieved,shortening the processing cycle of sticking of drill tools,eliminating the safety hazards caused by breakouting by explosion,saving the direct cost of production,providing technical support for optimal and fast drilling,and having good application prospect.