细长压杆屈曲实验平台设计及其在实验教学中的应用

DESIGN AND TEACHING APPLICATION OF SLENDER COMPRESSION BAR BUCKLING EXPERIMENTAL PLATFORM

实验教学是培养工科大学生实践和创新能力的重要手段,如何在有限的实验条件下开展丰富的教学实验、关联更多的理论知识点是力学实验亟需解决的问题。本文以材料力学中常见的压杆屈曲问题为例,构建了压杆屈曲实验平台,主要包括压杆屈曲实验和力学仿真两个模块,通过压杆屈曲实验案例展示了该平台用于开展教学实验的过程。结果表明,该实验装置可操作性强,学生能够直观地观察到压杆由稳定到正弦屈曲再到螺旋屈曲的全过程,同时能够测试压杆径向位移、应变等多个参数,仿真实验能够在不受时空、设备限制下更直观地实现实验过程的再现和拓展。本实验具有一定的趣味性和专业性,利用教学实验能够激发学生对材料力学的学习兴趣,加强学生对多个关联知识的理解,也能够锻炼学生的动手实践能力。

Experimental teaching is an important means to cultivate the practice and innovation ability of engineering students.How to carry out rich teaching experiments and correlate more theoretical knowledge points in limited experimental conditions is an urgent problem to be solved in mechanical experiments.Taking the slender compression bar buckling problem in mechanics of materials as an example,a buckling experimental platform of compression bar is constructed,which includes two modules:buckling experiment of compression bar and mechanical simulation.The buckling experiment case of compression bar shows the process of using this platform to carry out teaching experiments.The results show that:the experimental device has strong operability.Students can intuitively observe the whole process of the compression bar from stability to sinusoidal buckling to helical buckling,and test the changes of several parameters such as the radial displacement and strain.The simulation experiment can achieve more intuitive reproduction and expansion of the experimental process without being limited by time,space or equipment conditions.This experiment is interesting and professional to a certain extent.It can be useful to stimulate students'interest in the study of material mechanics,strengthen their understanding of multiple related knowledge,and also exercise students'practical ability through experiments.