黔中传统村落植物群落景观空间形态结构及物种竞争特征

Landscape spatial structure and species competition characteristics of plant communities in traditional villages in central Guizhou

黔中地区为我国喀斯特发育最典型的地区之一,其传统村落植物景观形态结构肌理及其植物群落物种竞争强度具有特殊性和代表性。采用分形、竞争指数方法,探究黔中传统村落植物群落景观空间形态结构及物种竞争特征。结果表明:总体上各群落植物呈均匀性分布,其中庭院植物景观间隙度值较大,菜地、房前屋后、道路居中,风水林、防护林较小,分维数反之;竞争指数值高的优势树种为喜树(Camptotheca acuminata),居中的为香椿(Toona sinensis)、栗(Castanea mollissima),部分优势树种在群落中保持较强的竞争力,也有部分优势树种竞争力微弱;竞争强度与分形维数无显著相关性,但两者能较好地表现群落植物空间结构复杂程度。传统村落植物造景与城市差异巨大,村落植物空间形态结构与其衍生分布肌理并不是简单的聚集。综上,研究传统村落空间形态演变和物种竞争趋势对喀斯特传统村落植物景观保护规划具有重要的意义。

Qianzhong region is one of the most typical karst development areas in China,and its traditional village plant landscape morphology and structure texture and the intensity of species competition of its plant communities have special characteristics and representativeness.This study employed fractal and competition index methods to investigate the landscape spatial morphological structure and species competition characteristics of plant communities in these traditional villages.The results showed that plants in each community were generally uniformly distributed.Among them,the garden plant landscape had a larger gap value,while vegetable plots,areas in front of and behind houses,roads,fengshui forests,and shelterbelts had smaller gap values,and the fractal dimension was the opposite.The dominant tree species with high competition index values were Camptotheca acuminata,Toona sinensis and Castanea mollissima.Some dominant tree species maintained strong competitiveness within the community,while others exhibited weak competitiveness.The competition intensity was not significantly correlated with the fractal dimension,but both factors effectively represented the complexity of the plant community's spatial structure.The traditional village plant landscaping and urban differences were significant,and the village plant spatial morphological structure and its derived distribution texture were not simply aggregated.Studying the spatial morphological evolution and species competition trends of traditional villages is of great significance for the protection planning of plant landscapes in traditional karst villages.