基于不同网格尺度福州主城区鸟类多样性与景观特征的关系研究

Relationship between bird diversity and landscape characteristics in the core area of Fuzhou city at two scales based on citizen science data

理解城市鸟类多样性与景观特征的关系对城市生物多样性保护和可持续发展具有重要意义。通过爬取中国观鸟记录中心网站2020年福州主城区436份观鸟报告数据计算鸟类丰富度指数(S)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)和Simpson多样性指数(D);基于谷歌地球引擎和高分辨率Worldview影像量化景观特征因子;在此基础上,采用Mann-Whitney U检验了两个网格尺度(300 m和1000 m)下S、H和D指数的差异性;运用广义线性模型探究了两个尺度下影响鸟类多样性指数的关键景观因子及其重要性。结果表明:(1)2020年研究区内共观测到242种鸟类,隶属19目59科,雀形目鸟类为优势种;数量占比从高到低依次为留鸟、冬候鸟、旅鸟和夏候鸟,分别为63.53%、25.83%、6.71%和3.93%;(2)两个尺度下鸟类多样性指数差异明显,1000 m尺度下S和H指数均显著高于300 m尺度(0.05<P<0.1);(3)两个尺度中仅在1000 m尺度上检测到显著影响鸟类多样性的景观因子的作用(P<0.05)。城市道路面积占比RD(负效应)、建筑高度HT(负效应)、城市绿地总面积占比GA(正效应)和建筑体积BV(正效应)等二维和三维结构特征共同影响鸟类多样性;其中GA是唯一对3个多样性指数均起促进作用的因子。(4)城市鸟类多样性与景观特征关系分析具有尺度依赖性,1000 m网格尺度适合开展此类研究。保留城市较大绿地空间且更加紧凑的城市结构的生态功能值得关注。

Birds not only serve as indicator species for urban environment changes but also act as a medium to promote public engagement in the protection and improvement of urban ecological environment.In-depth understanding of the relationship between urban bird diversity and landscape characteristics is of great significance for conserving biodiversity in cities and promoting urban sustainable development.In this study,436 recorded bird reports from the main urban area of Fuzhou in 2020 were collected from the Chinese Birdwatching Network website to calculate the bird richness index(S),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H),and Simpson diversity index(D).A total of 15 landscape factors were quantified using Google Earth Engine and high-resolution Worldview(0.5 m x 0.5 m)imagery.Differences in S,H,and D were examined between two grid scales(300 m and 1000 m)using the Mann-Whitney U test.A generalized linear model was applied to explore the dominant landscape factors and their significance in influencing three bird diversity indices at two scales.The results revealed the following:(1)in 2020,a total of 242 bird species were observed by the public in the study area,belonging to 19 orders and 59 families,with Passeriformes being the dominant species.The proportion of each category,in descending order,was as follows:resident birds(63.53%),winter visitors(25.83%),migratory birds(6.71%),and summer visitors(3.93%).(2)There were substantial differences in bird diversity indices between the two scales,with significantly higher values observed for both S and H indices at the 1000 m scale compared to the 300 m scale(P<0.1).(3)The significant landscape factors influencing bird diversity were identified exclusively at the 1000 m scale(P<0.05).The proportion of urban road area(RD)and building height(HT)exhibited negative effects,while the proportion of urban green space(GA)and building volume(BV)demonstrated positive effects on the bird diversity indices.Notably,GA was the only factor that positively influenced all three diversity indices.These urban landscape characteristics,representing both two-dimensional and three-dimensional structural features,played significant role in shaping urban bird species diversity.The findings suggest that the relationship between urban bird diversity and landscape factors exhibits a noticeable scale dependency.The use of a 1000 m grid scale is highly likely to be more suitable for investigating such associations.The ecological benefits of preserving expansive green spaces and promoting a compact urban structure in cities deserve significant attention.