碳中和背景下我国典型战略性金属中长期可持续供给路径

Pathways for medium-and long-term sustainable supply of typical strategic metals in China in context of carbon neutrality

矿产资源是经济社会发展的重要物质基础,不合理开采、利用、消费不仅会影响产业链和供应链的安全,而且会对生态环境造成严重污染。新一轮科技革命和碳中和战略正在重塑全球创新版图和技术格局,伴随着我国经济社会发展进入后疫情阶段,战略性金属的供需结构正发生深刻变化。一方面,其产业链和供应链面临的安全挑战从传统的资源产品获取能否得到保障,蔓延至开采、加工、应用、循环利用等全产业链条。另一方面,我国固体废物产生量迅速增长,但其作为二次金属的循环利用率仍然不高,这将导致大量资源损失。面向未来,国家(政府)应尽快建立二次金属的资源量和储量精细分类分级管理体系,健全二次金属的收集和资源化体系,促进制订资源高效利用制度及标准,保障国内战略性金属的高效内循环及自给自足,彻底摆脱战略性金属受制于人的局面。

Mineral resources are fundamental materials for economic and social development.Irrational exploration,utilization and consumption not only undermine the security of industrial chain and supply chain,but also seriously damage ecosystem.A new round of technological revolution and carbon neutral strategy is reshaping the global innovation distribution and technical structure.As China’s economic and social development advances into post-epidemic stage,the supply and demand structure of strategic metal resources has experienced profound changes.The security challenges extend from traditional security of access to resource to the entire chains,including extraction,processing,use and recycling.China’s solid waste generation has grown rapidly along with economic development,but its recycling rate is still low,leading to the loss of a large scale of resources.In the future,the collection and recycling system of secondary metals should be enhanced,management systems for classification and grading of resources and reserves of secondary resources should be established,and national systems and standards for efficient resources utilization should be developed.The above measures are designed to guarantee the optimal internal circularity and self-sufficiency of strategic metals resources,which helps alleviate the dependence on other countries.