基于两亲性杯[4]芳烃的超分子二级组装及其生物应用

Supramolecular Secondary Assembly Based on Amphiphilic Calix[4]arenes and Its Biological Applications

大环化合物的多价或多层次超分子组装及其在生物、化学和材料等方面的应用是当前的研究热点之一,其中两亲性杯芳烃的超分子组装引人注目.主要对两亲性杯芳烃的超分子二级组装及其生物应用的近期研究进行了综述,包括:(1)两亲性杯芳烃键合客体分子与大分子的二级组装及其生物应用;(2)葫芦脲键合客体分子与两亲性杯芳烃的二级组装及其生物应用.与一级组装相比,两亲性杯芳烃的二级组装可提高超分子组装体微环境的疏水性,同时可与染料分子、药物分子和光控智能分子共组装形成纳米棒、纳米粒子和纳米纤维等超分子组装体,不仅可进一步的调控客体分子促进发光行为,还可促进能量转移和级联能量转移.基于两亲性杯芳烃构筑的超分子二级组装体具有光响应、pH响应和氧化还原响应的特性,可用于生物成像、靶向给药和信息防伪等研究领域,具有广阔的应用前景.希望此综述对超分子多维多层次组装及其生物应用研究提供新的思路,进一步促进超分子化学的发展.

The multivalent or multilevel supramolecular assembly of macrocyclic compounds and its applications in biology,chemistry and materials is one of the current research hotspots,among which the supramolecular assembly of amphiphilic cupric aromatic hydrocarbons is notable.The recent studies on the secondary supramolecular assembly of calixarenes and their biological applications are reviewed,including:(1)the secondary assembly of amphiphilic calixarenes bonded guest molecules with macromolecules and its biological applications;(2)the secondary assembly of cucurbiturils bonded guest molecules with amphiphilic calixarenes and its biological applications.Compared with the primary assembly,the secondary assembly of amphiphilic calixarenes can improve the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment of supramolecular assemblies,while it can co-assemble with dye molecules,drug molecules,and light-controlled smart molecules to form supramolecular assemblies such as nanorods,nanoparticles,and nanofibers,which can not only further regulate guest molecules to promote luminescence behavior,but also promote energy transfer and cascade energy transfer.The secondary supramolecular assemblies constructed based on amphiphilic calixarenes with light-responsive,pH-responsive,and redox-responsive properties can be used in research fields such as bioimaging,targeted drug delivery,and information anti-counterfeiting,which have broad application prospects.We hope that this review will provide new ideas to conduct research on multidimensional and multilevel assembly of supramolecules and their biological applications,which will further promote the development of supramolecular chemistry.