光热材料在海水淡化领域的近期研究进展与展望

Recent Research Progress and Prospect of Photothermal Materials in Seawater Desalination

太阳能水蒸发系统成本低、能效高,对缓解能源危机、减少水污染、促进海水淡化具有重要意义.然而,太阳能驱动水蒸发的自然机制往往受到低蒸发率和吸收光谱范围小的影响.其中,局部加热并限制热损失的界面水蒸发策略被广泛认可并作为高性能、可持续的太阳能蒸汽产生的有效途径.随着太阳能水蒸发技术的不断发展,制备绿色、高效的光热材料已成为研究热点.根据光热材料的种类将其划分为:金属材料、半导体材料、碳基材料以及聚合物材料,详细阐述了不同材料的光热转换机制并总结近年来光热材料在海水淡化领域的研究现状及进展;讨论了潜在的光热候选材料,对其未来发展做出了展望.旨在为海水淡化领域中高效光热材料的合理设计和开发提供可行方案,对今后光热材料的发展具有总结和指导意义.

Solar water evaporation system has appealing advantages of low cost and high energy efficiency,which is of great significance to alleviate energy crisis,reduce water pollution and promote seawater desalination.However,the natural mechanism of solar-driven water evaporation system is often affected via low evaporation rate and small absorption spectrum range.The interface evaporation strategy that locally heats and limits heat loss is widely recognized as a high-performance and sustainable approach for efficient solar steam generation.With the continuous development of solar evaporation technology,the preparation of green and efficient photothermal materials has become a research hotspot.In this review,the photothermal materials were classified into metal materials,semiconductor materials,carbon-based materials and polymer materials according to their types.It elaborated on the photothermal conversion mechanisms of different materials and summarized the research status and progress of photothermal materials in the field of seawater desalination in recent years.The potential candidate photothermal materials were discussed and their future development was forecasted.This review aims to propose practical strategies for the rational design and development of efficient photothermal materials in the field of seawater desalination.The findings summarized in this review are of great significance for the future development of photothermal materials and provide valuable guidance for future research in this area.