中国流动人口市民化:理论、概念、影响因素与制度创新

Migration Citizenship in China:Theory,Concepts,Influencing Factors and Institutional Innovation

推动流动人口市民化是新型城镇化的核心任务。理论上,市民化的核心是“化”,包含空间、职业、社会身份和个人认同等维度的转换,最终在身份、地位、价值观念、社会权利、行为模式以及生产生活方式等方面融入城市。宏观影响因素是市民化的外在推动力量,主要涉及制度和城市社会经济环境;微观影响因素是内生性动力,与个人意愿和能力密切相关。推动流动人口市民化需要在户籍、住房和财税制度方面进行制度创新。未来研究需要更多关注流动人口的动态特征,将“需求方”(流动人口)和“供给方”(城市)纳入同一分析框架中研究其结构性错配问题,关注不同特征群体的流动人口的意愿和不同类型城市的匹配度,将有助于制定差异化的治理策略。

The citizenship of the migrant population plays a key role in promoting the quality of urbanization in the coming years.This study focuses on its concept,influence mechanisms,policies,and institutions.It found that the key of citizenization is the complex transition process,including relocation of living place,occupational transforming from agriculture to non-agriculture,and social identity change.The completion of citizenization is manifested by the integration of social status,identity,values,urban rights,and lifestyles into urban citizens.Both contextual and personal factors can influence the citizenization process.Contextual factors primarily include institutional and socio-economic attributes of cities,which are recognized as external driving forces.While personal factors include demographic and socio-economic attributes,which are recognized as internal driving forces.Scholars have also explored the institutional reforms on Hukou system,housing system and financial and tax policies,which are important for citizenization.Furthermore,future research on citizenization needs pay more attention to the nature of dynamics of migrant population.It is also necessary to examine how to optimize the spatial patterns of the citizenization from the dimensions of migrants and cities and policy suggestions for different groups in different types of cities.