我国农地入股公司的制度困境与法治出路

The Institutional Dilemma and Legal Way Out of Our Country's Farmland Investment Company

乡村振兴和共同富裕的关键在于发挥农地的资源价值,将我国农地从财产转变为资本,让农民成为股东,使得农民获得农地的资本性收入。一般商事公司作为营利性组织,为我国建设高水平社会主义市场经济、优化营商环境保驾护航;农地公司作为非营利性组织,则肩负实现我国乡村振兴、促进农民共同富裕的社会责任。当前,我国农地公司入股存在着无法形成公司独有的财产、不利于公司债权人的清算制度及公司人数不得超过50人等制度困境。未来我国应当在《中华人民共和国公司法》中专章规定农地公司,构建侧重保护农民股东权利的公司资本制度与公司治理模式,使公司法能够成为有效实现乡村振兴、共同富裕的法律规范。

The key to"rural revitalization"and"common prosperity"is that,giving play to the resource value of agricultural land,Change the farmland from property to capital,letting farmers become shareholders,making farmers obtain the capital income of farmland.As the legislation of for-profit organizations,the commercial company provides escort for building a high-level socialist market economy and optimizing the business environment.As the company of non-profit organization,the Rural Land Company Law shoulders the social responsibility of realizing the"rural revitalization"and promoting the"common prosperity"of farmers.There are some institutional difficulties in China about agricultural land investment companies,such as not being able to form the unique property of the company,not conducive to the liquidation system of the companys creditors and the number of the company should not exceed 50 people.In the revised Draft of the Company Law of the People's Republic of China,we should set up a special chapter on agricultural land companies,and build a separate corporate capital system and corporate governance model that focus on protecting the rights of farmers'shareholders,so that the company law can become a legal norm for effectively realizing"Rural Revitalization"and"Common Prosperity".