三大宏量营养素摄入比例与慢性疾病的研究进展

RECENT ADVANCES IN DIETARY MACRONUTRIENT DISTRIBUTI ON AND CHRONIC DISEASE RISKS

近年来,三大营养素的摄入比例比成为社会争论焦点和营养学的研究重点,本文通过检索近五年来关于三大宏量营养素摄入与慢性疾病的最新研究文献,分析三大宏量营养素推荐摄入比例的最新研究进展,探讨三者适宜比例和人体健康关系,为科学共识和我国膳食参考摄入量修订提供依据。根据最新研究的结果表明,碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质与健康的关系可能并非呈简单的线性趋势,而可能呈现U型或者J型趋势,过高或者过低都有可能增加慢病及死亡风险。低碳水化合物饮食等特殊饮食可能只适用于某些疾病人群。目前证据不支持低碳水化合物饮食或改变传统能量比例分布。

The relationship between macronutrient intake distribution and human health has always been an area of active debate.The objective of this study was to outline the latest progress about the contribution of macronutrient intake distribution to the risks of chronic diseases based on the papers published in the last five years,and lay the foundation for the revision of the"Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range"for Chinese people.It is suggested that the relationship between macronutrient intakes and human health might not follow a linear pattern,and a U or even J-shape line is present.Either too high or too low intakes could lead to increased risks of chronic diseases and all-cause mortalities.Fad diets,such as the low-carb diet might only be suitable for specific population,and current evidence does not support the use of low-carb diet or change the traditional macronutrient intake recommendations in the general public.