膳食叶酸参考摄入量研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS IN DIETARY REF ERENCE INTAKE OF FOLIC ACID

叶酸是一种水溶性维生素,作为一碳单位的载体,参与核苷酸合成、DNA甲基化反应,对于人体细胞生长、分化、修复至关重要,并具有预防神经管缺陷的作用。随着对于叶酸与出生缺陷、心血管疾病、肿瘤以及神经退行性疾病的关系的研究逐步深入,叶酸已成为一种备受关注的微量营养素。叶酸缺乏可导致成人和儿童巨幼红细胞贫血,增加孕妇发生先兆子痫、胎盘早剥、贫血的风险,可导致孕妇自发性流产。孕早期叶酸缺乏可引起胎儿神经管缺陷。中国从2010年开始向育龄妇女推荐叶酸补充剂,以预防神经管缺陷。本文针对叶酸膳食参考摄入量的制定及研究进展进行梳理回顾,旨在为中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量叶酸的修订提供参考。

Folate is a kind of water-soluble vitamin.As a carrier of one carbon unit,folate is involved in nucleotide synthesis and DNA methylation reaction,which is crucial for human cell growth,differentiation,and repair,and prevents neural tube defects.Folate has become a micronutrient of interest as research continues to investigate its relationship with congenital disabilities,cardiovascular disease,tumors,and neurodegenerative diseases.Folate deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia in adults and children,increasing the risk of preeclampsia,placental abruption,anemia,and spontaneous abortion in pregnant women.Folic acid deficiency in early pregnancy can cause neural tube defects in the fetus.China began recommending folic acid supplements to women of childbearing age in 2010 to prevent neural tube defects.This paper reviews the development and research progress of dietary reference intake of folic acid,aiming to provide a reference for the revision of dietary reference intake for Chinese residents.