我国居民不饱和脂肪酸的膳食摄入与构成分析

DIETARY INTAKE AND COMPOSITION OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN CHINESE RESIDENTS

目的 分析中国居民不饱和脂肪酸摄入量及膳食摄入来源。方法 采用气相色谱法测定膳食样品中脂肪酸含量,并结合各类膳食的消费量获取不同地区各类脂肪酸的实际摄入量。结果 中国居民单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)平均摄入量为29.25g/d(12.53%E,供能百分比),主要来自于肉类(35.5%)和蔬菜类(32.0%),来自于其他食品类别的比例小于10%。多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)平均摄入量为22.48 g/d(9.72%E),主要来自于蔬菜类(33.8%)、肉类(20.8%)、谷类(17.7%)和豆类(13.0%)。n-6PUFA平均摄入量为19.78 g/d(8.59%E),其主要膳食来源与PUFA相似。n-3PUFA平均摄入量为2.70 g/d(1.19%E),主要来自于蔬菜类(38.9%),肉类(15.9%)、豆类(12.7%)和谷类(12.1%)。二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)膳食平均摄入量为0.067 g/d(0.03%E),主要来自于水产类(75.4%)和蛋类(19.8%)。结论 中国居民的不饱和脂肪酸摄入量充足,满足需求。其中,PUFA和n-3PUFA膳食摄入量符合推荐量。四大区中,北方二区和南方二区的n-6PUFA膳食摄入量符合推荐量,北方一区和南方一区的n-6PUFA膳食摄入量分别为推荐量上限的111%和102%。EPA和DHA摄入量不充足。因此,中国居民应提高水产类的摄入,加强食用油多样化的宣传与教育,促进膳食脂肪酸的平衡摄入。与以往总膳食研究相比,MUFA、PUFA、亚油酸(LA)和亚麻酸(ALA)平均膳食摄入量高于第一次,与第五次基本持平。

Objective To analyze the dietary unsaturated fatty acids intakes and their food sources of Chinese residents based on the data from the 6th China Total Diet Study(TDS).Methods The levels of dietary fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography,and the estimated intake of various fatty acids in different regions were obtained by multiplying the consumption of various foods and the measured content of dietary fatty acids.Results The average intake of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)of Chinese residents was 29.25 g/d(12.53%E,percentage of total energy intake),mainly from meats(35.5%)and vegetables(32.0%),and the proportion from other food categories was less than 10%.The average intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)was 22.48 g/d(9.72%E),mainly from vegetables(33.8%),meats(20.8%),cereals(17.7%)and legumes(13.0%).The average intake of n-6 PUFA was 19.78 g/d(8.59%E),and its main dietary source was similar to PUFA.The average intake of n-3 PUFA was 2.70g/d(1.19%E),mainly from vegetables(38.9%),meats(15.9%),legumes(12.7%)and cereals(12.1%).The average dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)was 0.067 g/d(0.03%E),mainly from aquatic foods(75.4%)and eggs(19.8%).Conclusion Chinese residents have sufficient intake of unsaturated fatty acids to meet their needs.The dietary intake of PUFA and n-3PUFA meets the recommended value.Among the four regions,the dietary intake of n-6 PUFA in north2 and south2 meets the recommended amount,and the dietary intake of n-6 PUFA in northl and south1 is 111%and 102%of the upper limit of the recommended amount,respectively.The intake of EPA and DHA was insufficient.Therefore,Chinese residents should increase the intake of aquatic foods and strengthen the publicity and education on the diversification of edible oils to promotea balanced intake of dietary fatty acids. Compared with the data from previous China TDS, the average dietary intake ofMUFA, PUFA, linoleic acid (LA) and alphalinolenic acid (ALA) was higher than that in the first TDS and was essentiallysimilar to that in the fifth TDS.