2021年阿克苏市食源性肉毒中毒知晓率及外环境肉毒梭菌污染状况调查

Survey of awareness rate of foodborne botulism and pollution of clostridium botulinum in external environment of Aksu city,2021

目的了解新疆阿克苏市居民食源性肉毒中毒知识的掌握情况及当地外环境中肉毒梭菌污染情况,为减少当地食源性肉毒中毒事件的发生提供科学依据。方法2021年采用单纯随机抽样的方法,抽取阿克苏市1个社区的居民,采用问卷星软件设计调查问卷并发放收集问卷;利用公式计算网格间距,将阿克苏市划分80个单元,每个单元随机选取1处采集1份土壤样品,对发生过肉毒中毒事件的单元再采集5份土壤样品;对各农贸市场出售的黄豆及家庭种植的黄豆采样,进行肉毒梭菌检测。结果纳入分析915人,2021年阿克苏市居民食源性肉毒中毒总知晓率为36.4%;不同职业(χ^(2)=12.712)和是否看过宣传知识(χ^(2)=42.151)的居民食源性肉毒中毒知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),随年龄增长(趋势χ^(2)=8.872)及文化程度的增高(趋势χ^(2)=11.212)知晓率均呈上升趋势(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,30岁~组、50岁~组和60岁及以上,高中、本科及以上,看过相关宣传知识均是知晓率的保护因素。共采集土壤样本120份、黄豆样本30份,均未检出肉毒梭菌。结论阿克苏市居民的食源性肉毒中毒知晓率较低;年龄增长、文化程度增高和看过相关宣传知识对知晓率有促进作用。阿克苏市外环境中尚未检测出肉毒梭菌。

Objective To understand the grasp of foodborne botulism knowledge in the residents and the contamination of clostridium botulinum in external environment of Aksu city in Xinjiang,so as to provide scientific basis for reducing the occurrence of local foodborne botulism event.Methods The residents in a community were selected with the simple random sampling method in Aksu city,2021.The questionnaires designed by the Questionnaire Star software were provided to and collected back from the residents.There were 80 units divided in Aksu city by the grid spacing computation with related formulas.One soil sample was collected from a place where was randomly selected in each unit,and another 5 soil samples were collected from the unit where the botulism event had occurred before.The clostridium botulinum was tested in the soybean samples that were collected from the soybeans sold in the farm product markets and planted at home.Results There were 915 people enrolled for analysis,and the awareness rate of foodborne botulism of the residents was 36.4%in Aksu city,2021.There were statistical differences(P0.05)in the awareness rates of foodborne botulism among the residents with different occupations(χ^(2)=12.712)and whether they saw the publicity knowledge(χ^(2)=42.151).The awareness rates showed upward trend(P0.05)with the increase of age(trendχ^(2)=8.872)and the level of education(trendχ^(2)=11.212).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the age group of 30-years,50-years and 60 years and above,the education levels of high school,undergraduate and above,and having seen relevant publicity knowledge were the protective factors of the awareness rates.A total of 120 soil samples and 30 soybean samples were collected,without positive detection of clostridium botulinum.Conclusions The awareness rate of foodborne botulism is low in the residents of Aksu city.The increase of age,education level and having seen the relevant propaganda knowledge show promote effect to the awareness rate.There is no clostridium botulinum detected in the external environment in Aksu city.