2016—2020年甘肃省肺结核患者流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Gansu province from 2016 to 2020

目的分析2016—2020年甘肃省肺结核患者的人群分布情况、诊疗情况和发病趋势,为制定适合肺结核患者的防治策略提供依据。方法收集中国预防控制信息系统中首诊地区为甘肃省的肺结核患者资料,描述分析其流行特征,采用卡方检验比较率或构成比的差异,采用卡方趋势检验描述2016—2020年甘肃省肺结核患者发病趋势。结果2016—2020年甘肃省共报告肺结核患者41968例,年均报告发病率33.41/10万,报告发病率呈下降趋势(趋势χ^(2)=1134.365,P<0.001);2016—2020年甘肃省男女患者性别比分别为1.67∶1、1.70∶1、1.49∶1、1.39∶1和1.46∶1,男性发病率明显高于女性(χ^(2)=64.892,P<0.001);4个年龄组中,60岁及以上年龄组构成比最高(43.66%,18322/41968),0~18岁年龄组构成比最低(3.79%,1590/41968);以农民发病为主(76.79%,32227/41968);酒泉市、张掖市和武威市发病负担较重;发病时间主要集中在3—5月。绝大部分患者通过转诊(56.52%,23718/41968)和因症就诊(30.23%,12687/41968)被发现。结论2016—2020年甘肃省肺结核防控工作已有成效;应针对男性、老年和农民人群采取进一步的防控措施,加强重点人群的主动筛查,多途径地发现患者。

Objective To analyze the distribution,diagnosis and treatment,and epidemical trends of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Gansu province from 2016 to 2020,and provide evidence for developing suitable prevention and treatment strategies for tuberculosis patients.Methods Based on the China prevention and Control Information System,the data of tuberculosis patients diagnosed in Gansu province were collected for descripting and analyzing the epidemiological characteristics.The differences among rates and proportions were compared with Chi-squared test.The epidemical trend of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was analyzed with Chi-squared trend test in Gansu province from 2016 to 2020.Results A total of 41968 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Gansu province from 2016 to 2020,with the average annual reported incidence rate of 33.41/100000,and the reported incidence showed decreasing trend(trendχ^(2)=1134.365,P0.001).From 2016 to 2020,the ratios of the male to the female was 1.67∶1,1.70∶1,1.49∶1,1.39∶1 and 1.46∶1,respectively.The incidence of the male patients was significantly higher than that of female patients(χ^(2)=64.892,P0.001).The proportion was the highest in the age group of 60 years and above(43.66%,18322/41968),and was lowest in the age group of 0-18 years(3.79%,1590/41968).Most patients were farmers(76.79%,32227/41968).The burden was higher in the patients of Jiuquan,Zhangye and Wuwei.The onset time concentrated during March to May.The vast majority of patients were found by referral(56.52%,23718/41968)and clinical consultation(30.23%,12687/41968).Conclusions The prevention and control of tuberculosis are effective in Gansu province from 2016 to 2020.Further prevention and control measures should be targetedly taken in the male,elderly and farmers.The active screening in the key populations should be strengthened for detecting the patients with multiple ways.