2013—2022年阿克苏地区儿童流感样病例监测结果分析

Analysis of surveillance results of influenza-like illness among children in Aksu prefecture from 2013 to 2022

目的分析新疆阿克苏地区儿童流行性感冒(简称流感)病原学特征,为当地流感防控提供科学依据。方法收集2013—2022年阿克苏地区流感监测哨点医院流感样病例(ILI)信息,采集咽试子标本,利用实时荧光RT-PCR法检测流感病毒,统计分析儿童流感样病例监测结果。结果2013—2022年共检测儿童流感样病例标本4582份,其中阳性464份、阳性率10.13%。不同年度甲乙流感病毒构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=559.066,P<0.05)、甲型流感不同亚型构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=424.779,P<0.05)、乙型流感不同系别构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=350.000,P<0.05);儿流行高峰从12月—次年3月,12月阳性率最高27.78%;6—9月阳性率最低0.00%。7~10岁儿童阳性率最高14.95%,1岁以下儿童阳性率最低3.73%;儿童流感阳性率无性别差异(χ^(2)=3.718,P>0.05)。MDCK细胞分离培养出流感病毒93株。结论阿克苏地区出现儿童甲乙型流感病毒共同流行或交替流行,12月阳性率最高,学龄儿童7~10岁最易感;应持续做好儿童流感监测,注重儿童流感疫苗接种,强化儿童流感疾病防控工作。

Objective To analyze the pathogenic characteristics of influenza-like illness(ILI)among children in Aksu prefecture,and provide scientific basis for local influenza prevention and control.Methods The information of the cases from 2013-2022 were collected from the sentinel hospital for influenza monitoring in Aksu prefecture.The samples of throat swap were collected for detecting influenza virus with real-time fluorescence RT-PCR method,and the monitoring results of ILI of children were statistically analyzed.Results From 2013 to 2022,a total of 4582 ILIs in children were tested,of which 464 cases were positive,with overall positive rate of 10.13%.The difference of the proportion of influenza A and B virus was statistically significant in different years(χ^(2)=559.066,P0.05).The difference of proportion of influenza A subtypes was statistically significant in different years(χ^(2)=424.779,P0.05),and was statistically significant in the proportions of influenza B strains in different years(χ^(2)=350.000,P0.05).The peak of influenza epidemic was from December to March of the following year,with the highest positive rate of 27.78%in December,and lowest positive rate of 0.00%from June to September.The highest positive rate was 14.95%in the children aged 7-10 years,and the lowest positive rate was 3.73%in the children under 1 year.There was no gender difference in the positive rates of influenza in children(χ^(2)=3.718,P0.05).Totally 93 strains of influenza virus were isolated and cultured from MDCK cells.Conclusions The epidemic of influenza A and B in children shows joint or alternative epidemic in Aksu prefecture.The positive rate was the highest in December,and the school-age children aged 7-10 years are the most susceptible.It is necessary to continue the influenza monitoring in children,pay attention to the influenza vaccination,and strengthen the prevention and control of influenza.