科研人员学术专长的细粒度描述模型及实证研究

Fine-Grained Description Model on Academic Expertise of Scientific Researchers with an Empirical Study

[目的/意义]对科研人员学术专长的细粒度描述,有助于精准地利用他们的知识解决特定问题,改进科研人员画像、专家发现等应用。[方法/过程]首先提出专长描述的维度、标识词粒度和属性度量问题,将学术专长描述建模为构建个体知识图谱;其次探讨学术专长描述和领域知识图谱之间的关系;最后选取特定领域的代表性个体,在知识实体层面进行细粒度定性定量描述,测试模型的可行性。[结果/结论]科研人员的学术专长并不等同于研究兴趣,而是包括熟悉的问题域、擅长的方法等多个维度。应当选择有适当概念粒度的知识实体作专长标识词。各专长维度可以在个体内部及群体范畴进行属性的度量。在此提出的学术专长描述模型兼顾定性定量特征,具有结构上的灵活性;在专长维度和属性上细化以往学术画像研究中对科研人员学术特征的表达;从个体知识和领域知识互补的角度有助于扩展知识组织理论研究。

[Purpose/Significance]Modeling the academic expertise of scientific researchers in a fine-grained way contributes to utilize their expertise knowledge exactly to solve problems,and enhance the precision of academic profiling or find expert.[Method/Process]Firstly,the issue of description aspects on academic expertise,the granularity of annotation,and the measure of attributes of expertise are proposed,and the academic expertise description is modeled as building the individual knowledge maps.Secondly,the relationship between the academic expertise description and the domain knowledge maps is discussed.Finally,in order to test the feasibility of the model,a representative individual of a specific domain is described qualitatively and quantitatively in a fine-grained way to the depth of knowledge entities.[Result/Conclusion]The academic expertise of scientific researchers is not equivalent to their research interests;rather,it includes multiple aspects such as the familiar problem domains,the adept methodologies,etc.The selected knowledge entities as the academic expertise description should be in appropriate conceptual granularity.Each aspect is measured with attributes within individuals or across peer researchers.The academic expertise description model proposed in this article takes into account both qualitative and quantitative characteristics so that the model is flexible in the structure.The academic characteristics of scientific researchers are refined comparing with those academic profile studies in terms of the academic aspects and attributes.Our study can help to extend the theoretical research on knowledge organization from the perspective of complementation of individual knowledge and domain knowledge.