异化的网络评论——再论网络暴力信息的阶段化治理

Alienated Cyber Comments:Revisiting the Phased Governance of Cyber Violence Information

频发的网络暴力事件正在侵蚀网络信息内容生态和网络舆论安全,甚至造成受害人精神失常和自杀等严重后果。然而,侵害人众多、损害结果难认定、因果证明困难等问题导致网络暴力治理迟迟未能取得预期效果。“法律解释说”和“多元主体共治论”虽然能够在一定程度上预防和惩戒网络暴力的发起者和参与者,但是网络暴力事件是一个群体性、持续发生的社会治理问题,仅仅通过个体层面的法律责任追究并不足以有效阻止网络暴力事件的发生。从信息传播视角来看,在匿名性心理导致的去抑制化效应、“沉默的螺旋”效应以及拟态环境的作用下,网络暴力的形成需要经历“零星负面信息发布—社会热点事件促成观点激化—网络暴力事件发生—个人信息泄露扩大网络暴力事件损害结果”这四个阶段。因此,应当通过降低和控制网络暴力事件形成过程可能导致风险异常的关键环节,形成以基础制度、风险控制机制以及特殊主体义务体系为内容的阶段化治理架构。

Frequent incidents of cyber violence are eroding the ecology of internet information content and the security of internet public opinion,and causing serious consequences such as mental disorders and suicide among victims.However,due to the large number of infringers,the difficulty of identifying damage results,and the difficulty of proving cause and effect,the governance of cyber violence has not achieved the expected results.Although the"legal explanation"and"multi-subject co-governance theory"can prevent and punish the initiators and participants of cyber violence to a certain extent,cyber violence incidents are a mass and continuous social governance problem,and the determination of individual punishment legal responsibility is not enough to effectively prevent the occurrence of cyber violence.From the perspective of information dissemination,under the de-inhibition effect,the"silent spiral"effect and the mimicry environment caused by anonymity psychology,the formation of cyber violence needs to go through four stages:'sporadic negative information release-social hot events promote the intensification of viewscyber violence incidentspersonal information leakage expands the damage results of cyber violence incidents".Therefore,by reducing and controlling the key links that may lead to abnormal risks in the process of cyber violence,a phased governance structure with the basic system,risk control mechanism and special subject obligation system as the content is formed.