论作为新兴人格权的个人信息权

On Personal Information Right as a New Personality Rights

《民法典》尚未赋予个人信息以权利的名分,使得个人信息权定位纷争持续发酵。现行立法确已构造了个人信息权的实质内容,并形成以信息保有权、信息自决权、信息获取权、信息修复权等特殊权能为内核的完整权能体系,解释论上宜将个人信息权定性为一项具体的新兴人格权。人格尊严和人的自主性、权利与权益区分的三重标准和信息的权利客体属性可作为内在理由证成个人信息权。既有个人信息立法规范和司法实践可作为外在理由提供实证支撑。个人信息权利化符合智能时代重大法益保护需求,有助于平衡信息主体与信息处理者之间的利益关系,克服个人信息权益化的模糊性弊端,以防个人信息权被“任性侵害”。在规范构造上,个人信息权具备确定的权利义务主体、权利客体和权利内容,满足法权化的基本要件。故未来人格权法应为个人信息权“正名”,明确其具体人格权地位。

China's Civil Code has not yet given the title of rights to personal information,which makes the dispute over the positioning of personal information rights continue to develop.Current legislation has indeed constructed the essence of the right of personal information,and formed a complete function of rights'system with special functions such as the right of information retention,the right of information self-determination,the right of information access,and the right of information restoration as the core.It is appropriate to characterize the right of personal information as a specific emerging personality right.Personal information rights can be proved as intrinsic reasons by personal dignity and autonomy,the three criteria of the distinction between rights and interests,and the object attribute of information rights.The existing personal information legislative norms and judicial practices can be used as external reasons to provide empirical support.The benefits of personal information rights meet the needs of the protection of major legal interests in the intelligent era,which will help balance the interest relationship between information subjects and information processors,overcome the ambiguity of personal information rights and interests,and prevent personal information rights from being"willful infringement".In terms of normative construction,the right of personal information has certain rights and obligations subject,right object and right content,which meets the basic requirements of legalization.Therefore,the future personality right law should justify the personal information right and clarify its specific personality right status.