2021年通辽市煤尘及噪声作业工人职业健康检查结果分析

Analysis of occupational health examination results of workers exposed to coal dust and noise in Tongliao City 2021

目的了解通辽市地区接触煤尘、噪声职业病危害因素的在岗工人职业健康状况,为职业病防治工作提供参考依据。方法从职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统导出数据,对2021年接触煤尘在岗职工16252人、接触噪声18519人的职业健康检查资料进行统计分析。使用Excel整理数据,并应用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。结果不同年龄、工龄、性别、行业、企业规模间高仟伏/DR胸片异常检出率比较差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=29.671、272.705、406.28、388.495、49.024,均P<0.001),通过卡方趋势检验异常率随年龄、工龄的增加呈升高趋势。噪声作业工人职业健康检查纯音听阈测试提示3440人(18.58%)双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB,接噪作业工人双耳高频平均听阈检查异常率在不同工龄、性别、企业规模间比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=178.813、270.558、156.349,均P<0.001),通过χ^(2)趋势检验异常率随着工龄增加有升高趋势。结论通辽市接触职业性危害因素煤尘、噪声的作业工人健康问题不容忽视,企业应采取有效的措施,加强对工人的职业健康防护,特别是加强对重点行业、重点企业的重点人群的监管,从而降低劳动者罹患职业病的风险。

Objective To supply reference for the prevention and control of occupational diseases,this paper aims to investigate the occupational health status of on-the-job workers exposed to occupational hazards of coal dust and noise in Tongliao City.Methods The data originated from the occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system.The occupational health examination data of 16252 workers exposed to coal dust and 18519 exposed to noise in 2021 were statistically analyzed.By Excel PivotTable and SPSS26.0 statistical software,the data was summarized and analyzed.Results There were statistical differences in the abnormal detection of high kV/DR chest radiographs among different ages,working years,sexes,industries and enterprise sizes(χ^(2)=29.671、22.705,406.28,388.495,49.024,all P<0.001).The abnormal rate increased with the growth of age and working years through chi square trend test.By the pure tone hearing threshold test of occupational health examination for workers exposed to noise,it was found that the average binaural high-frequency hearing threshold was≥40 dB among 3440 workers(18.58%).There was significant difference in the abnormal rate of binaural high-frequency average hearing threshold test among different working years,sexes and enterprise sizes(χ^(2)=178.813,270.558,156.349,all P<0.001).The abnormal rate increased with the growth of working years by chi square trend test.Conclusion The health problems of workers exposed to occupational hazards such as coal dust and noise in Tongliao City can not be ignored.Enterprises should take effective measures to strengthen the occupational health protection of workers,especially the key groups in key industries and enterprises,thus the risk of occupational diseases will be reduced.