天津市学龄前儿童超重和肥胖与血压、血糖、血脂异常的关系

Relationship between overweight/obesity and blood pressures,fasting plasma glucose or serum lipids in preschool children of Tianjin city

目的研究天津市学龄前儿童超重和肥胖与血压、血糖、血脂异常的关系,为成年期疾病的早期预防提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方式,于2019年3至6月抽取天津市48所托幼机构5677名5~6岁儿童为研究对象,测量身高、体重、血压、血糖和血脂水平。采用SPSS 23.0进行t检验、方差分析、χ^(2)检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果学龄前儿童超重、肥胖率分别为16.19%和11.71%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,肥胖与收缩压(SBP)异常(OR=3.88,95%CI:3.15~4.78)、舒张压(DBP)异常(OR=2.69,95%CI:2.16~3.35)、空腹血糖(FPG)异常(OR=2.50,95%CI:1.18~5.28)、TG异常(OR=6.58,95%CI:4.55~9.52)高风险相关,超重与SBP异常(OR=1.86,95%CI:1.50~2.30)、DBP异常(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.22~1.90)、TG异常(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.06~2.70)高风险相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。肥胖、超重组包含1种危险因素的风险是BMI正常组的2.46倍(OR=2.46,95%CI:2.04~2.96)、1.59倍(OR=1.59,95%CI:1.35~1.88);包含2种危险因素的风险是BMI正常组的4.97倍(OR=4.97,95%CI:3.70~6.68)、1.59倍(OR=1.59,95%CI:1.13~2.23);包含3种危险因素的风险是BMI正常组的29.37倍(OR=29.37,95%CI:10.39~83.02)、4.14倍(OR=4.14,95%CI:1.11~15.47)。结论天津市学龄前儿童超重和肥胖可增加儿童罹患高血压、高血糖及高甘油三酯血症的风险。

Objective To study the relationship between overweight/obesity and blood pressures,fasting plasma glucose or serum lipids in preschool children of Tianjin city,and provide the basis for early prevention of the adult diseases.Methods The cluster random sampling method was used to select 5677 children(5-6 years old)from 48 kindergartens in Tianjin city as the subjects,the investigation was performed with measuring height,weight,blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and serum lipids.The t test,analysis of variance,χ~2test and multivaried logistic regression method were used to analyze the data.The used software was SPSS 23.0 Results Overweight and obesity rates of preschool children were 16.19%and 11.71%,respectively.The multivaried logistic regression showed that obesity was correlated to high risk of abnormal systolic blood pressure(SBP,OR=3.88,95%CI:3.15-4.78),abormal diastolic blood pressure(DBP,OR=2.69,95%CI:2.16-3.35),abnormal FPG(OR=2.50,95%CI:1.18-5.28)and abnormal triglyceride(TG,OR=6.58,95%CI:4.55-9.52);overweight was correlated to high risk of abnormal SBP(OR=1.86,95%CI:1.50-2.30),abnormal DBP(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.22-1.90)and abnormal TG(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.06-2.70),P<0.05or P<0.01.The risk in obesity/overweight group with one risk factor was 2.46 folds/1.59 folds that of normal weight group(OR=2.46,95%CI:2.04-2.96;OR=1.59,95%CI:1.35-1.88);the risk in obesity/overweight group with two risk factors was 4.97 folds/1.59 folds that of normal weight group(OR=4.97,95%CI:3.70-6.68;OR=1.59,95%CI:1.13-2.23);the risk in obesity/overweight group with three risk factors was 29.37 folds/4.14 folds that of normal weight group(OR=29.37,95%CI:10.39-83.02;OR=4.14,95%CI:1.11-15.47).Conclusion Overweight and obesity in preschool children in Tianjin can increase the risk of hypertension,high FPG and high TG.