基于污水流行病学评估旅游城市非法药物的滥用情况

Assessment of illicit drug abuse in tourist cities based on wastewater-based epidemiology

基于污水流行病学法已经在各国广泛应用于评估非法药物的消费情况.本研究利用SPE-HPLC-MS技术,比较了前处理条件(Oasis MCX和Oasis HLB固相萃取柱)对模拟样品中甲基苯丙胺(METH)与氯胺酮(KET)及其主要代谢产物苯丙胺(AMP)和去甲氯胺酮(NK)的萃取回收率,结果发现Oasis MCX固相萃取柱更适合METH与KET及其代谢产物的萃取.萃取方法优化后,利用污水流行病学法对桂林市重大节假日(国庆假期)和日常生活中METH和KET滥用情况进行了研究,通过分析METH和KET及其代谢物在某污水处理厂进水浓度,反算了其在该处理厂服务区域的消费量.研究结果表明,METH的代谢产物苯丙胺(AMP)与METH的浓度比值、KET与其代谢产物去甲氯胺酮(NK)的浓度比值都超过理论代谢范围,可能存在METH和KET直接向污水管网恶意倾倒或排放的现象.重大节假日期间METH和KET的千人日均消费量分别为(55.11±94.22)mg·d^(−1)和(173.82±1.83)mg·d^(−1),而日常生活期间的千人日均消费量分别为(9.79±4.25)mg·d^(−1)和(10.50±1.05)mg·d^(−1).重大节假日期间测定的非法药物消费量都显著高于非节假日期间,说明桂林市该区域的非法药物使用着存在节假日效应.

Wastewater-based epidemiology has been widely used in various countries to assess the consumption of illicit drugs.In this study,SPE-HPLC-MS technology was used to compare the extraction recoveries of methamphetamine(METH),ketamine(KET)and their main metabolites amphetamine(AMP)and norketamine(NK)in simulated samples under different pretreatment conditions(Oasis MCX and Oasis HLB solid phase extraction columns).The results showed that Oasis MCX solid phase extraction column was more suitable for the extraction of METH,KET and their main metabolites.After optimization of extraction method,the abuse of METH and KET in major holiday(National Day)and daily life in Guilin city was investigated.The consumption of METH and KET in the service area of the plant was calculated by measuring the concentration of METH,KET and their metabolites in the influent of that plant.The results showed that the concentration ratio of the metabolite METH,amphetamine(AMP)to METH and the concentration ratio of KET to its metabolite,norketamine(NK),exceeded the theoretical metabolic range.There may be malicious dumping or discharge of METH and KET directly into the sewer network in the investigated area.The average daily consumption of METH and KET per thousand people during major holidays was(55.11±94.22)mg·d^(−1)and(173.82±1.83)mg·d^(−1),respectively.However,the average daily consumption per thousand people during daily life was(9.79±4.25)mg·d^(−1)and(10.50±1.05)mg·d^(−1).The concentrations and consumption of illegal drugs measured during major holidays were significantly higher than those during non-holidays,indicating that there was holiday effect on the use of illegal drugs in the region of Guilin.