基质配比对南京椴容器苗生长及光合特性的影响

Effects of Substrate Compositions on the Growth and Photosynthesis Characteristic of Tilia miqueliana Container Seedlings

为探究不同基质配比对南京椴容器苗生长发育及光合特性的影响,筛选出适宜的苗木培育基质,按照单因素随机区组设计,以草炭、腐熟杨树皮、腐熟鸡肥、珍珠岩为原料,分别按照体积比3∶0∶1∶1、2∶1∶1∶1、1∶2∶1∶1、3∶3∶2∶2配制成G_(1)、G_(2)、G_(3)、G_(4)等4种基质,测定不同配比基质的理化性质,比较不同基质中培育的南京椴容器苗形态指标和光合指标的差异。结果表明:不同配比的基质理化性质存在差异,G_(1)干容重和pH值指标极显著低于G_(3),而基质全氮、全磷含量极显著高于G_(3)。在不同基质中,南京椴容器苗的生长情况存在差异。4种基质对南京椴苗木生长的促进效果表现为G_(1)>G_(2)>G_(4)>G_(3),表明提高基质中草炭比例,有助于促进容器苗生长。G_(1)培育的苗木苗高、地径分别为33.73 cm和7.96 mm,极显著高于G_(3);G_(1)苗木根系总鲜质量、茎鲜质量分别为14.22 g/株和5.54 g/株,极显著大于其他配比基质;G_(1)苗木根系总体积为13.6 cm^(3),一级侧根数为17.6,均极显著高于G_(3);G_(1)苗木叶片的叶绿素总量、光合速率分别为2.96 mg/g和5.06μmol/(m^(2)·s),极显著高于G_(3)。综合考虑苗木生长状况和各项指标分析,G_(1)是南京椴1年生容器苗培育最适宜选用的基质配比。

In order to explore the effects of different substrate compositions on the growth and development of Tilia miqueliana container seedlings,and selected the suitable substrate composition,the study set up 4 kinds of mixed substrates consisting of peat,poplar skin,organic fertilizer and perlite in proportions of 3∶0∶1∶1,2∶1∶1∶1,1∶2∶1∶1 and 3∶3∶2∶2(respectively named as G_(1),G_(2),G_(3),G_(4)),and compared the morphological and photosynthesis indexes of T.miqueliana container seedlings cultivated in different substrate.The results showed that there are significant differences in physical and chemical properties among different substrate composition.G_(1)is significantly lower than G_(3),while the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrate are significantly higher than G_(3).Substrate composition playes a significant role in the growing and development of T.miqueliana contain-er seedlings and the promotive effect on it performs as G_(1)>G_(2)>G_(4)>G_(3).With the increase of percentage of peat matrix,the container seedlings of T.miqueliana grow better.The seedlings height and diameter of G_(1)are 33.73 cm and 7.96 mm,which are significantly higher than G_(3).The total fresh weight of roots and stems of G_(1)seedling are 14.22 g/plant and 5.54 g/plant,which are significantly higher than other treatments.The total root volume of G_(1)seedlings is 13.6 cm^(3) and the number of primary lateral roots is 17.6,which are significantly higher than G_(3).The gross chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of G_(1)seedlings are 2.96 mg/g and 5.06μmol/(m^(2)·s),which are significantly higher than G_(3).Given the seedlings growth synthetically and various indexes,G_(1)is the suitable composition in the cultivation of 1-year-old T.miqueliana container seedlings.