聚氨酯/乙炔黑多孔复合材料的结构及吸附性能研究

Structure and Adsorption Property of Porous Polyurethane/Acetylene Black Composites

为了研究改性剂含量以及干燥方式对聚氨酯多孔材料吸附性能的影响,采用热致相分离法制备聚氨酯/乙炔黑多孔复合吸附材料,系统研究了不同乙炔黑浓度以及常温真空干燥对材料结构性能的影响,并优化得到了最佳合成条件。研究结果表明:当乙炔黑加入量的质量分数为2%~3%时,多孔整体材料呈现更加均匀的三维贯穿分级微米孔结构,吸附速率最高达1.5×10^(-3) g/s,是纯聚氨酯热塑性(TPU)多孔材料的8倍。采用常温真空干燥制备得到的聚氨酯多孔吸附材料对植物油具有良好的吸附能力,对植物油的循环吸附量均大于90%,与传统的冷冻干燥相比具有制备简单、成本低廉等优势。

To investigate the impact of modifier content and drying method on the adsorption properties of polyurethane porous materials,the porous polyurethane/acetylene black composite materials are prepared by thermally induced phase separation.The influences of different acetylene black concentrations and vacuum drying methods on the structure and properties of the materials are also discussed.These results show that with the concentration of acetylene black being up to 2%-3%,the porous material presents a more uniform three-dimensional hierarchical micropore structure,the adsorption rate is up to 1.5×10^(-3) g/s,which is 8 times than that of pure TPU porous material.The porous polyurethane prepared by vacuum drying at the room temperature has good adsorption capacity for vegetable oil,and the cyclic adsorption capacity of vegetable oil is more than 90%.Compared with traditional freeze-drying,it has advantages of simple preparation and low energy consumption.