不同放牧模式对祁连山高寒草甸植物群落特征的影响

Effects of Different Grazing Patterns on Plant Community Characteristicsof Alpine Meadows in Qilian Mountains

为探究不同放牧模式对祁连山高寒草甸冬季牧场植物群落特征的影响,本研究在青海省祁连县野牛沟乡设置了3种放牧模式(放牧,M1;放牧+补饲,M2;围封,M3),通过对植物群落的特征指标进行单因素方差分析和网络分析,结果表明:不同放牧模式下植物群落的高度、盖度、生物量存在显著差异(P<0.05);M2模式下物种丰富度显著增加,相较于M1提高了22%,相较于M3增加了10%;不同放牧模式下植物群落的Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数无显著差异;网络分析结果表明,M1,M2,M3模式下关键种依次为:鸡冠茶(Sibbaldianthe bifurca)、洽草(Koeleria macrantha)、多茎委陵菜(Potentilla multicaulis);植物群落功能群特征表明,不同放牧模式对植物功能群生物量分配有显著影响。因此,在祁连山冬季牧场放牧中适当增加补饲能够有效维持冬季牧场草地群落稳定性,对高寒草甸生态系统的健康发展产生积极影响。

To investigate the effects of different grazing patterns on plant community characteristics in winter pastures of alpine meadows in Qilian Mountains,three different grazing patterns(Grazing,M1;Grazing+Supplemental feeding,M2;Enclosure,M3)were set up in Yeniugou Township,Qilian County,Qinghai Province,and the results of one-way ANOVA and network analysis were conducted to characterize the plant community indicators,biomass differed significantly(P<0.05);species richness increased significantly in the M2 mode,by 22%compared with M1 and by 10%compared with M3;the Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index of plant communities did not differ significantly in different grazing modes;the results of network analysis showed that the key species in the M1,M2 and M3 modes were,in order:Sibbaldianthe bifurca,Koeleria macrantha,and Potentilla multicaulis;the plant community functional group characteristics indicated that different grazing patterns had significant effects on plant functional group biomass allocation.Therefore,the appropriate increase of supplementary feeding in winter pasture grazing in Qilian Mountains can effectively maintain the stability of winter pasture grass communities and have a positive impact on the healthy development of alpine meadow ecosystem.