不同混贮比例和添加剂对西兰花尾菜发酵品质的影响

Effects of Mix-ensiling Silage Ratio and Additives on the MixedSilage Quality of Broccoli Residues

为探究不同混贮比例、添加剂对西兰花(Brassica oleracea)尾菜与莜麦(Avena chinensis)秸秆混贮品质的影响,本试验以混贮比例2.5∶1,3∶1,5∶1的西兰花尾菜+莜麦秸秆为原料,每个混贮比例原料分别进行无添加剂(CK)、添加0.005 g·kg^(-1)复合乳酸菌(L)、添加0.005 g·kg^(-1)FW复合乳酸菌+0.25 g·kg^(-1)FW丙酸(LP)三个处理,青贮60 d后进行品质检测。结果表明:5∶1混贮比例的粗蛋白(Crude protein, CP)、乳酸(Lactic acid, LA)、乙酸(Acetic acid, AA)含量提高或显著提高(P<0.05),酸性洗涤纤维(Acid detergent fiber, ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(Neutral detergent fiber, NDF)、丁酸(Butyric acid, BA)含量降低或显著降低(P<0.05);LP添加剂组的干物质(Dry matter, DM)、淀粉(Starch)、水溶性碳水化合物(Water soluble carbohydrates, WSC)含量显著提高(P<0.05);各处理的氨态氮(Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen, AN/TN)含量都低于4%,pH值均小于4.2。因此,西兰花尾菜与莜麦秸秆以5∶1比例混贮,添加复合乳酸菌+丙酸,青贮效果更佳。

This study aimed to explore the effects of different mixed ratios of the mixed oat straw and additives on ensiling characteristics of broccoli(Brassica oleracea var.italica)residues and naked oat(Avena nuda L.)straw mixtures.The broccoli residues and naked oat straw were selected as raw materials and mixed at ratios of 2.5∶1,3∶1,and 5∶1.At the same time,the individual treatments with different those different mixed ratios were also treated with no additive(CK),addition of 0.005 g·kg^(-1) compound lactic acid bacteria(L)and addition of 0.005 g·kg^(-1) compound lactic acid bacteria+0.25 g·kg^(-1) propionate(LP),respectively.After 60 days of ensiling,the ensiling characteristics were then tested.Results showed that the contents of CP,LA and AA of the mixed ratio at 5∶1 were increased or significantly increased(P<0.05).The contents of ADF,NDF and BA of the mixed ratio at 5∶1 were decreased or significantly decreased(P<0.05).The contents of DM,starch,and WSC in the LP addition group were higher than those in both L addition and CK groups(P<0.05).The ratio of ammonia nitrogen(AN)to total nitrogen(TN)was below 4%,and the pH value was below 3.1 in all treatments,which met the requirements of high-quality silage.In summary,the mixed ratio of 5∶1 in broccoli residues and the naked oat straw mixtures treated with compound lactic acid bacteria+propionate was the best treatment for the high quality of silage.