中国内蒙古自治区与蒙古国药用植物资源情况对比研究

Medicinal plant resources in Inner Mongolia autonomous region of China and Mongolia:a comparative study

中国内蒙古自治区(简称内蒙古)和蒙古国是使用蒙古族医药(简称蒙医药)及其药用植物资源分布的主要地区。该研究通过对野外调查、标本采集与鉴定、文献考证等方法分别收集了中国内蒙古总计133科,586属,1497种药用植物,蒙古国总计62科,261属,467种药用植物,对其种类、空间分布及影响因素进行了分析。结果为中国内蒙古药用植物种类比蒙古国较为丰富。中国内蒙古呼伦贝尔市、赤峰市及通辽市部分地区呈现热点聚集区;蒙古国东方省、苏赫巴托尔省、戈壁阿尔泰省、巴彦洪戈尔省、中戈壁省、科布多省、南戈壁省和中央省均有部分热点聚集区。以中国内蒙古与蒙古国为整体时海拔和气候因子对药用植物多样性的贡献率不显著。将中国内蒙古与蒙古国植被类型大致分为森林、草原、沙漠3种后,各因子贡献率显著上升。因此,药用植物资源分布与植被覆盖度由地形、气候及物种间互作等多种自然因素共同影响,各因子相互促进,相互制约。为今后药用植物资源的可持续发展和合理开发利用提供了参考依据。

Inner Mongolia autonomous region of China and Mongolia are the primary regions where Chinese and Mongolian medicine and its medicinal plant resources are distributed.In this study,133 families,586 genera,and 1497 species of medicinal plants in Inner Mongolia as well as 62 families,261 genera,and 467 species of medicinal plants in Mongolia were collected through field investigation,specimen collection and identification,and literature research.And the species,geographic distribution,and influencing factors of the above medicinal plants were analyzed.The results revealed that there were more plant species utilized for medicinal reasons in Inner Mongolia than in Mongolia.Hotspots emerged in Hulunbuir,Chifeng,and Tongliao of Inner Mongolia,while there were several hotspots in Eastern province,Sukhbaatar province,Gobi Altai province,Bayankhongor province,Middle Gobi province,Kobdo province,South Gobi province,and Central province of Mongolia.The interplay of elevation and climate made a non-significant overall contribution to the diversity of plant types in Inner Mongolia and Mongolia.The contribution of each factor increased significantly when the vegetation types of Inner Mongolia and Mongolia were broadly divided into forest,grassland and desert.Thus,the distribution of medicinal plant resources and vegetation cover were jointly influenced by a variety of natural factors such as topography,climate and interactions between species,and these factors contributed to and constrained each other.This study provided reference for sustainable development and rational exploitation of medicinal plant resources in future.