青少年体育锻炼对新冠肺炎疫情风险感知的影响--健康信念和焦虑抑郁的链式中介效应

Effect of Physical Exercise on Risk Perception of COVID-19 Among Adolescents:The Mesomeric Effect of Health Beliefs and Anxiety and Depression

目的基于风险感知理论,研究青少年体育锻炼对新冠肺炎疫情风险感知的作用机制,并探究健康信念和焦虑抑郁的链式中介作用。方法采用体育活动等级量表、体质健康信念量表、抑郁—焦虑—压力量表以及新冠肺炎疫情风险感知量表,对济南市3所中小学7至15岁年龄段青少年进行调查。结果1)青少年体育锻炼与健康信念(r=0.511,p<0.01)显著正相关,与焦虑抑郁(r=-0.562,p<0.01)、新冠肺炎疫情风险感知(r=-0.549,p<0.01)显著负相关;青少年新冠肺炎疫情风险感知与焦虑抑郁(r=0.576,p<0.01)显著正相关,与健康信念(r=-0.544,p<0.01)显著负相关;健康信念与焦虑抑郁(r=-0.512,p<0.01)显著负相关;2)青少年体育锻炼对新冠肺炎疫情风险感知具有负向预测作用,其直接效应为-0.232;3)在青少年体育锻炼对新冠肺炎疫情风险感知的影响中,健康信念和焦虑抑郁能够发挥单独中介及链式中介作用,效应值分别占总效应的25.7%、22.4%和8.6%。结论青少年体育锻炼可以直接影响新冠肺炎疫情风险感知能力,并且,既可以通过健康信念和焦虑抑郁的中介作用,还可以通过二者的链式中介作用间接预测青少年的新冠肺炎疫情风险感知能力。

Objective Based on the theory of risk perception,to study the mechanism of adolescents'physical exercise on risk perception of COVID-19,and to explore the chain mediating effect of health beliefs and anxiety and depression.Methods Adolescents aged 7 to 15 years old in three primary and secondary schools in Jinan were investigated by using physical activity rating scale,physical health belief scale,depression anxiety stress scale and risk perception scale of COVID-19 epidemic.Results 1)Physical exercise in adolescents was significantly positively correlated with health beliefs(r=0.511,p<0.01),and negatively correlated with anxiety and depression(r=-0.562,p<0.01)and risk perception of COVID-19(r=-0.549,p<0.01);The risk perception of COVID-19 among adolescents was significantly positively correlated with anxiety and depression(r=0.576,p<0.01),and negatively correlated with health beliefs(r=-0.544,p<0.01);There was a significant negative correlation between health beliefs and anxiety and depression(r=-0.512,p<0.01);2)Teenagers'physical exercise has a negative predictive effect on the risk perception of COVID-19,and its direct effect is-0.232;3)In the impact of physical exercise on risk perception of COVID-19 epidemic among adolescents,health beliefs and anxiety and depression can play an independent and chain mediating role,with effect size accounting for 25.7%,22.4%and 8.6%of the total effect respectively.Conclusion Teenagers'physical exercise can directly affect their risk perception of COVID-19,and can indirectly predict their risk perception of COVID-19 through the mediating role of health beliefs and anxiety and depression,as well as their chain mediating role.