关联理论视角下脱口秀幽默语言的修辞格研究——以《脱口秀大会》第四季为例

Research on the Rhetorical Devices of Humorous Language in Stand-up Comedy from the perspective of Relevance Theory——Taking the fourth season of ROCK&ROAST as an example

脱口秀幽默语言的表达需要讲求策略、注重互动,其中,修辞格是制造言语幽默的重要途径。基于《脱口秀大会》第四季共10期脱口秀视频所整理的语料,从关联理论的角度对脱口秀幽默语言常用的五种修辞格进行探讨,以期分析其制造幽默的策略。研究表明:脱口秀幽默语言常用的五种修辞格分别为:衬跌、歧疑、对比、比喻和曲解。这些修辞格都是利用最大关联和最佳关联的反差制造幽默,但在打破观众最大关联的方式上却有所不同。此外,通过神态表情、肢体语言等与观众进行有效互动,也能大大加强言语幽默的效果。

The expression of humorous language in stand-up comedy needs to be strategic and interactive,in which Chinese rhetorical devices are the important ways to create verbal humour.Based on the corpus transcribed from the stand-up comedy videos of ten episodes in the fourth season of ROCK&ROAST,the five rhetorical devices commonly used in the humorous language of stand-up comedy are inquired into from the perspective of relevance theory,with the view to analyzing their strategies for creating humour.The research has shown that the five rhetorical devices commonly used in the language of stand-up comedy humour are lining with and dropping,ambiguity,contrast,metaphor and misinterpretation.These rhetorical devices all use the contrast between maximal relevance and optimal relevance to create humour,but differ in the way they break the audience’s maximal relevance.In addition,effective interaction with the audience through facial expressions and body language can greatly enhance the effect of verbal humour.