四川省甘孜州野生白三叶居群分布特征与表型变异分析

Distribution Characteristics and Phenotypic Variation of Wild Trifolium repens Population in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province

2019~2020年实地调研四川省甘孜州野生白三叶资源的分布状况,按居群采样策略广泛收集种质,并研究其表型变异,以发掘野生白三叶的优质种质资源。结果表明:四川省甘孜州野生白三叶在海拔740~4254 m区域均有分布,分布地海拔高度上移;居群主要分布于高山山地、河滩草地、灌丛草地,除形成单一优势种群外,群落伴生植物还包括禾本科植物、菊科蒿属植物及其他杂类植物,以白三叶+禾本科植物群落居多;7个居群100份白三叶材料表型性状变异系数表现为叶面积(30.47%)>株高(25.40%)>叶长(18.31%)>叶宽(17.10%)。ANOSIM分析及Mantel检验表明,供试白三叶表型变异主要来源于居群间,株高、叶长、叶宽与海拔高度极显著相关(P<0.01)。聚类分析表明,甘孜州野生白三叶7个居群可分为4类。

This study conducted field investigations in Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province,from 2019 to 2020,to assess the distribution of wild Trifolium repens resources.A population-based sampling strategy was employed to collect a wide range of germplasm and study its phenotypic variations in order to identify superior germplasm resources within the wild Trifolium repens population.The results showed that the wild Trifolium repens in Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province,was distributed across an elevation range of 740 to 4254 m above sea level,with an upward shift in elevation.The population was mainly distributed in alpine mountains,river beach grasslands,and shrub grasslands.Apart from forming single dominant populations,the associated plants communities also included Gramineae plants,Artemisia species from the Asteraceae family,and other miscellaneous species.Communities dominated by Trifolium repens+Gramineae plants were predominant.Phenotypic trait variation coefficients among 100 samples from seven populations ranked as follows:leaf area(30.47%)>plant height(25.40%)>leaf length(18.31%)>leaf width(17.10%).ANOSIM analysis and Mantel test revealed that the phenotypic variation in the tested Trifolium repens mainly was primarily attributed to interpopulation differences.Plant height,leaf length,and leaf width were significantly correlated with elevation(P<0.01).Cluster analysis classified the seven population of wild Trifolium repens in Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture into four distinct groups.