新型生物基聚酰胺的研究进展

Research Progress of Novel Biobased Polyamides

聚酰胺具有优异的力学、耐热、耐磨和电绝缘等性能,是产量最大、品种最多、用途最广的一类通用工程塑料。然而,目前用于制备聚酰胺的单体依赖化石原料,面对全球变暖和石油资源枯竭等环境问题,迫切需要发展生物基聚酰胺,以满足双碳目标的国家战略需求。基于此,本文综述了近年来生物基聚酰胺合成的最新进展,包括采用脂肪族与芳香族两大类新型生物基单体合成聚酰胺的相关研究。概述了每种单体用于合成聚酰胺所经历的化学反应、用到的聚合方法、所制备聚酰胺的特殊性能等,并对涉及到的各种聚酰胺结构与性能做了简单总结,最后展望了生物基聚酰胺的发展方向。

Polyamide was a kind of general engineering plastic with the highest output,variety,and used due to its excellent mechanical,heat resistance,wear resistance and electrical insulation properties.However,the monomers used to produce polyamides were currently derived from fossil sources.In the face of environmental issues,such as,global warming and the depletion of oil resources,it was critical to develop bio-based polyamides to meet the dual-carbon goal s national strategic needs.The recent progress in the synthesis of bio-based polyamides was reviewed,including related research on the synthesis of polyamides using two new types of bio-based monomers,aliphatic and aromatic.The chemical reactions,polymerization methods,and special properties of polyamides prepared by each monomer used in polyamide synthesis were summarized,and the structure and properties of the various polyamides were involved.Finally,the development direction of bio-based polyamides was prospected.