人工哺乳犊牛腹泻发病规律研究

Study on the Regularity of Diarrhea in Artificial Lactating Calves

为研究人工哺乳犊牛腹泻发病规律及其影响因素,选取宁夏某规模化牧场2022年7月份出生的327头犊牛进行试验。结果显示,犊牛断奶前腹泻发病率为68%,初次发病日龄集中在8日龄前后,其中5~10日龄发病占比达到总发病的63%。随机抽取54头腹泻犊牛粪便进行五联抗原检测,病原检出率为73%,其中轮状病毒检出率46%,芽孢梭菌检出率35%,隐孢子虫检出率19%,冠状病毒和大肠杆菌检出率均为0;检出病原微生物中单一感染率为64%,芽孢梭菌+轮状病毒混合感染率为28%,芽孢梭菌+隐孢子虫混合感染率为5%,芽孢梭菌+隐孢子虫+轮状病毒混合感染率为3%。对犊牛血清进行免疫球蛋白检测,免疫球蛋白不合格率为5%,其中免疫球蛋白合格犊牛腹泻发病率为39%,免疫球蛋白不合格犊牛腹泻发病率为100%;免疫球蛋白合格犊牛初次发病日龄为10.57d,不合格犊牛初次发病日龄为7.53d;免疫球蛋白合格犊牛发病次数为1.44次,不合格犊牛发病次数为1.47次;免疫球蛋白合格犊牛发病持续时间为2.74d,不合格犊牛为3.2d。对犊牛初生重进行分级并关联腹泻情况发现,随着初生重的增大,犊牛腹泻发病率逐渐降低,平均发病天数也逐渐降低,初次发病日龄基本保持不变。对饲喂犊牛的巴氏杀菌常乳进行细菌菌落总数检测发现,当常乳未受到细菌污染(合格)时,新增发病占非新增患病的比例为66%;当常乳受到细菌污染(不合格)时,新增发病占非新增患病的比例为90%。本研究对人工哺乳犊牛腹泻发病规律及其影响因素做出了较全面分析,可为人工哺乳犊牛饲养管理提供参考。

In order to study the regularity and influencing factors of diarrhea in artificial lactating calves,327 calves born in July in a large-scale pasture in Ningxia were selected for the experiment.The results showed that the incidence of diarrhea before weaning was 68%,and the age of initial onset concentrated around the age of 8 days,of which the incidence of 5-10 days accounted for 62%of the total incidence.The feces of 54 diarrhea calves were randomly selected for detection of five antigens.The pathogen infection rate was 73%,including 50%of rotavirus positive detection rate,32%of clostridium spore positive detection rate,18%of cryptosporidium positive detection rate,0%of coronavirus positive detection rate,and 0%of Escherichia coli positive detection rate;the single infection rate of pathogenic microorganisms was 64%,the mixed infection rate of Clostridium sporosum+rotavirus was 28%,the mixed infection rate of Clostridium sporosum+Cryptosporidium was 5%,and the mixed infection rate of Clostridium sporosum+Cryptosporidium+rotavirus was 3%.The detection of immunoglobulin in calf serum showed that the unqualified rate of immunoglobulin was 5%,among which the diarrhea incidence rate of qualified immunoglobulin calves was 39%,and the diarrhea incidence rate of unqualified immunoglobulin calves was 100%;The first onset age of qualified immunoglobulin calves was 10.57 days,and the first onset age of unqualified calves was 7.53 days;the incidence times of qualified immunoglobulin calves and unqualified calves were 1.44 and 1.47 respectively;the duration of the disease was 2.74 days for qualified and 3.2 days for unqualified calves.Grading the birth weight of calves and correlating the diarrhea situation found that the incidence of calf diarrhea gradually decreased,the average number of days of onset also gradually decreased,and the age of the first onset basically remained unchanged with the increase of birth weight.We detected the total bacterial colony count of the regular milk fed to calves after slaughter.When the regular milk was not contaminated by bacteria(qualified),the proportion of new diseases accounted for 66%of non new diseases;when the regular milk is contaminated by bacteria(unqualified),the proportion of new diseases to non new diseases is 90%.This study has made a comprehensive analysis on the regularity of diarrhea and its influencing factors in artificial lactating calves,which has an important guiding significance for the feeding and management of artificial lactating calves.