我国内地统一推行数字消费券的思考与建议——基于内地与港澳台地区的实践经验

Consideration and Suggestions on the Unified Implementation of Digital Consumption Voucher in China's Mainland——Based on the Practical Experience of the Chinese Mainland,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan Regions

当前,消费券政策已从传统意义上的应急性财政政策丰富为兼顾引导性功能的财政政策工具;用好消费券的“乘数效应”有利于更好刺激需求、牵引供给,畅通国内国际经济大循环;全国统一发放消费券,有利于保障社会公平、促进统一大市场建设;从整个经济体层面统一设计和实施消费券发放规则,有利于提高资金使用效率和财政政策效能;科学设置消费券的使用与管理规则有利于降低“替代效应”和“挤出效应”,提振政策刺激效果。为充分释放我国居民消费能力、保住市场主体、提振社会预期,我国内地有必要调整现行由地方政府发放消费券的模式,改由中央政府统一发放数字消费券。本文在充分借鉴内地和港澳台地区消费券政策实践基础上,提出内地统一发放数字消费券的主体方案和相关思考。

Currently,the consumption voucher policy has evolved from a traditional emergency fiscal policy to a fiscal policy that functions as a guiding tool as well.Making good use of the"multiplier effect"of consumption vouchers helps to stimulate demand to boost supply,and ensure unimpeded flow in the domestic and international economic circulation.The unified distribution of consumption vouchers nationwide helps to ensure social equity and promote the construction of a unified national market.Designing and implementing issuance rules of consumption vouchers from the national economy level helps to improve the efficiency of fund utilization and the effect of fiscal policies.Scientifically designing rules for the use and management of consumer vouchers helps to reduce the"substitution effect"and"crowding-out effect",and boost the policy effect.To fully unleash residents'consumption capacity,keep market entities afloat and boost social expectations,it is necessary to adjust the current mode of issuing consumption vouchers by local governments,and switch to issuing digital consumption vouchers by the central government.Based on fully drawing on the practice of consumption voucher policies in the Chinese mainland,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan regions,this article proposes a main scheme and related considerations for the unified distribution of digital consumption vouchers in the Chinese mainland.