驱动力还是正当化:人类中心主义与生态危机

Driving Force or Justification: Anthropocentrism and Ecological Crisis

生态中心主义将人类中心主义视为生态危机产生的根源,将人类中心主义解读为立足于人类的贪欲对大自然进行掠夺。但是考察西方近现代思想史可以发现,思想家们所主张的人类中心主义主要是立足于人类的福祉,而非人类的贪欲。在生态危机的产生过程中,人类中心主义不是作为内在的驱动力,而是作为现代意识形态、作为资本主义社会利用自然的正当性证明来发挥作用的。把人类中心主义视为形成生态危机的驱动力,遮蔽了资本主义制度的驱动作用。将人类中心主义发展为生态人文主义,有利于避免对人类中心主义的欲望式理解和反生态式运用。

Ecocentrism philosophers regard anthropocentrism as the root of ecological crisis,and interpret anthropocentrism as plundering nature based on human greed.However,a study of the history of modern western thought shows that anthropocentrism is based on human welfare,rather than human greed.Therefore,in the process of ecological crisis developing,anthropocentrism emerged not as an internal driving force,but as a modern ideology and a role in legitimizing capitalist social production.Taking anthropocentrism as the driving force of the ecological crisis obscures the driving role of the capitalist system.The development of anthropocentrism into ecological humanism is conducive to avoiding the understanding of anthropocentrism as desire centrism and conducting anti ecological application.