基于Ecopath模型的海水池塘主要养殖模式比较分析

Comparative analysis of main breeding models of seawater pond based on Ecopath model

为了揭示台州温岭地区海水池塘不同养殖模式间的物质流动规律,以贝类单养和虾贝综合养殖2种模式的海水池塘为研究对象,基于EWE 6.5软件分别构建了14和15个功能组的Ecopath模型。结果显示,综合养殖模式第Ⅰ、Ⅱ营养级之间物质传输效率(52.1%)高于贝类单养模式(26.5%),同时其碎屑组的物质流通量占比(20.81%)也高于贝类单养模式(4.64%)。与贝类单养模式相比,综合养殖模式关键种从大型浮游动物转为凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),混合营养效益分析显示虾功能组主要对浮游生物和碎屑产生影响,导致浮游动物生态营养学效率(Ecotrophic efficiency, EE)升高,浮游植物EE值降低,而两种模式中贝类功能组混合营养效益未发生明显改变。贝类单养和虾贝综合养殖模式的Finn’s循环指数分别为2.75%和13.21%,系统连接指数分别为0.256和0.250,杂食指数分别为0.049和0.065,这表明由于综合养殖模式具有更完善的食物网,整体结构要优于单养模式,但两种模式整体成熟度和稳定性均较低,存在较大提升空间,可引入新功能组,以进一步提高系统稳定性、饵料利用率以及养殖效益。

To reveal the material flow characteristics of mariculture pond ecosystems of shellfish monoculture and shellfish-shrimp integrated culture,two Ecopath models composed of 14 and 15 functional groups respectively were constructed.The results showed that the material transfer efficiency betweenⅠandⅡtrophic levels of the integrated culture mode(52.1%)was higher than shellfish monoculture mode(26.5%),and the proportion of material flows in the detritus group(20.81%)was also higher than the shellfish monoculture mode(4.64%).Compared to the shellfish monoculture mode,the key species of the integrated culture mode changed from macroplankton to Litopenaeus vannamei,while the mixed trophic impact analysis showed that the shrimp group obviously affected plankton and detritus groups,resulting in the fact that effective efficiency(EE value)of zooplankton increased,and the phytoplankton EE value decreased.The mixed trophic impact of shellfish group was not changed between the two modes.The Finn's cycling index of the monoculture and integrated culture system were 2.75%and 13.21%,the connectance index were 0.256 and 0.250,and the system omnivory index were 0.049 and 0.065,respectively.The results suggest that the food web in integrated culture mode was more complex,and the system structure was better than that of the shellfish monoculture mode,indicating that there is improvement potential for the two system.In order to improve the system stability,feed utilization and breeding efficiency stability,functional groups at different trophic levels could be introduced to the system.