3种鲌亚科鱼类对不同禁捕策略的响应

Response of three cultrinae fishes to different fishing ban strategies

为阐明不同湖泊禁捕策略对3种鲌类的种群动态与生态位重叠的影响,本研究选取全年禁捕湖泊西凉湖与季节性禁捕湖泊斧头湖为研究地点,翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、达氏鲌(Culter dabryi)和红鳍原鲌(Cultrichthys erythropterus)为研究对象,分析鱼类单位捕捞努力生物量、单位捕捞努力质量、全长、体质量与肥满度指数等种群动力参数;采用稳定同位素技术分析鲌类的食物来源及贡献率,比较不同禁捕策略湖泊中的3种鲌类的时空生态位宽度、营养生态位宽度及重叠指数。结果表明:全年禁捕湖泊中的3种鲌类的单位捕捞努力生物量显著高于季节性禁捕湖泊,且全长分布范围比季节性禁捕湖泊更广;季节性禁捕湖泊中,3种鲌类的时空生态位显著重叠;全年禁渔湖泊中,3种鲌类具有更广的营养生态位宽度。研究结果将为长江流域重点水域的禁捕制度的完善和渔业资源的持续利用提供科学依据。

In order to elucidate the effects of fishing ban strategies in different lakes on population dynamics and niche overlap of three cultrinae fishes,Xiliang Lake,a complete fishing ban strategy lake,and Futou Lake,a seasonal fishing ban strategy lake,were selected as the study sites.Three cultrinae fishes Culter alburnus,Culter dabryi and Cultrichthys erythropterus were studied.The dynamic parameters of fish population such as quantity per unit effort,biomass per unit effort,total length,body weight and relative fatness were analyzed.The food sources and contribution rates of three cultrinae fishes were analyzed using stable isotope technique,and the spatio-temporal niche breadth,trophic niche breadth and overlap indices of three cultrinae fishes in lakes with different fishing ban strategies were compared.The results showed as follows:The biomass per unit effort of three cultrinae fishes in the complete fishing ban strategy lake was significantly higher than that of the seasonal fishing ban strategy lake,and their total length distribution range was wider than that of the seasonal fishing ban strategy lake;In the seasonal fishing ban strategy lake,the temporal-spatial niche of three cultrinae fishes overlapped significantly;In the lake that complete fishing ban strategy,three species of cultrinae had wider trophic niche breadth.The results provide scientific basis for the improvement of the fishing ban strategies and the sustainable utilization of fishery resources in the key waters of the Yangtze River basin.