从扩展性角度看区块链

Research progress of blockchain from perspective of scalability

区块链集成密码学、分布式共识、P2P网络和时间戳等技术,可实现数据一致存储、难以窜改和防止抵赖等功能,解决了开放网络中不依赖任何可信第三方的信任问题。去中心化的特性使得区块链具有广阔的应用前景,但随着应用的深入与拓展,扩展性问题已成为挖掘区块链技术潜力的一个关键挑战。区块链本质上仍是分布式系统,基于此,从分布式系统的扩展性角度对区块链的研究工作进行综述,基于链上扩展、链下扩展和跨链扩展三个方面论述了区块链可扩展的思路和方法,总结了近年来的研究成果;通过对现有解决方案的总结分析,探讨了提高区块链可扩展性所面临的问题和未来的研究趋势。

Blockchain integrates cryptography,distributed consensus,P2P networking,and timestamping technologies,which can achieve functions such as consistent data storage,tamper resistance,and non-repudiation,solving the trust issue in open networks that do not rely on any trusted third parties.The decentralized nature of blockchain gives it a broad range of application prospects.However,as the applications become more extensive and profound,the scalability issue has become a key challenge for unlocking the full potential of blockchain technology.Blockchain is essentially still a distributed system.Based on this,this paper reviewed the research work on blockchain from the perspective of the scalability of distributed systems.It discussed the ideas and methods for blockchain scalability from three aspects:on-chain scalability,off-chain scalability,and cross-chain sca-lability.Then it summarized the research achievements in recent years.Building on the summary and analysis of existing solutions,this paper explored the challenges faced in improving blockchain scalability and discussed future research trends in this area.