2021年四川省饮茶型地氟病健康教育效果评价

Effect evaluation of health education on drinking-tea type of endemic fluorosis in Sichuan Province 2021

目的 评估四川省饮茶型地氟病健康教育成效,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法 按照《四川省饮茶型地氟病健康教育项目技术方案》的要求,2021年在四川省30个饮茶型地氟病病区县开展健康教育宣传及评价工作。每个县随机抽查6所乡镇中心校的5年级学生、学校所在村家庭主妇、2座寺庙,每所学校抽30名学生,每个村抽15名家庭主妇,每座寺庙抽30名僧人开展预防饮茶型地氟病知识问卷知晓情况基线调查及健康教育工作开展后的效果评价。采用Excel 2016和SPSS 19.0软件进行数据整理与分析,率的比较采用χ2检验,检验水准为α=0.05。结果 健康教育干预前,学生、家庭主妇、僧侣3个人群的预防饮茶型地氟病知识知晓率分别为69.49%、58.09%和66.40%,健康教育干预后,知晓率分别为91.30%、88.79%和89.11%,3个人群的知晓率均大幅度提高。健康教育干预前及干预后,学生、家庭主妇、僧侣3个人群的预防饮茶型地氟病知识知晓率差异均无统计学意义(P前=0.2184、P后=0.8166)。不同县的同一类型人群的预防饮茶型地氟病知识知晓率不同。结论 四川省饮茶型地氟病病区居民对预防饮茶型地氟病知识掌握程度较低,各县健康教育水平高低不同,通过开展健康教育工作,取得较好的效果。还需广泛进行健康教育干预,改变不良的生活习惯,减轻地氟病的危害。

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on drinking-tea type of endemic fluorosis in Sichuan province,so as to provide a basis for formulating the prevention and control measures.Methods According to the requirements of"Technical Plan of Health Education Project of Drinking-Tea Type of Endemic Fluorosis in Sichuan Province",health education and evaluation work were carried out in 30 counties affected by drinking-tea type of endemic fluorosis in Sichuan province in 2021.Each county randomly selected the 5 grade students in 6 township central schools,housewives in the village where the school was located and 2 temples.A total of 30 students in each school,15 housewives in each village and 30 monks in each temple were selected to carry out the baseline questionnaire survey on the knowledge of prevention of drinking-tea type of endemic fluorosis and the effect evaluation after the implementation of health education.The software Excel 20165and SPSS 19.0 were used for data analysis.The Chi-square test was used for ratio comparison,with the test levelα=0.05.Results Before the intervention of health education,theawareness rates of students,housewives and monks on the prevention of drinking-tea type of endemic fluorosis were 69.49%,58.09% and 66.40%,respectively.After the intervention of health education,the awareness rates were 91.30%,88.79% and 89.11%,respectively.And the awareness rates of the three groups were significantly increased.Before and after the health education intervention,thereewas no significant difference in the knowledge rate of prevention of drinking-tea type of endemic fluorosis among students,housewives and monks(P_(eore)=0.2184、P_(aner)=0.8166).The knowledge rate of prevention of drinking-tea type of endemic fluorosis in the same type of population in different counties was different.Conclusions The residents in drinking-tea type of endemic fluorosis areas in Sichuan province have a low degree of knowledge on prevention of drinking-tea type of endemic fluorosis,and the level of health education is different in different counties.By carrying out health education work,good results have been achieved.It is also necessary to carry out extensive health education intervention to change bad living habits,so that to reduce the harm of endemic fluorosis.