2014—2021年深圳市龙华区细菌性食源性疾病监测分析

Analysis on surveillance results of bacterial foodborne diseases in Longhua District of Shenzhen from 2014 to 2021

目的分析深圳市龙华区细菌性食源性疾病监测结果的不同分布特征,为制定相关防控措施提供依据。方法从食源性疾病监测系统导出深圳市龙华区2014—2021年食源性疾病病原学哨点医院监测病例数据,使用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行统计分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果2014—2021年深圳市龙华区共报告5046例疑似细菌性食源性疾病病例,致病菌总检出率为14.29%;检出率前3位为沙门菌(67.41%)、副溶血性弧菌(24.41%)和肠产毒性大肠埃希菌(3.88%)。20岁以上患者的副溶血性弧菌阳性率高于20岁及以下患者,20岁及以下患者的沙门菌阳性率高于20岁以上患者,不同年龄副溶血性弧菌和沙门菌细菌谱构成比差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。细菌性食源性疾病患者的阳性检出率呈明显季节性分布,双峰分布主要集中在2至4月和9至11月;秋季和夏季阳性率高于冬季(P均<0.05),夏季阳性率高于春季(χ^(2)=7.539,P=0.006)。暂住人群的发病-确诊时间间隔长于常住人群(Z=5.252,P=0.022),15岁以下人群时间间隔长于15~30岁和30岁以上人群(P均<0.001),无腹痛症状患者发病-确诊时间间隔长于有腹痛的患者(Z=45.880,P<0.001),儿童的发病-确诊时间间隔长于非儿童(Z=57.625,P<0.001)。结论深圳市龙华区疑似细菌性食源性疾病高发于夏秋季节,青少年是感染沙门菌后导致食源性腹泻的高危人群,15岁以下和暂住户籍人群的就医意识较弱,应有针对性加强不同特征人群的宣教工作。

Objective To analyze the different distribution characteristics of the surveillance results of bacterial foodborne diseases in Longhua District of Shenzhen City,and to provide the basis for formulating relevant prevention and control measures.Methods The data of surveillance cases of foodborne diseases in the sentinel hospital of etiology of foodborne diseases in Longhua District of Shenzhen from 2014 to 2021 were derived from the foodborne disease surveillance system,and the data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 software,the test levelα=0.05.Results From 2014 to 2021,a total of 5046 cases of suspected bacterial foodborne diseases were reported in Longhua District of Shenzhen,the total detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 14.29%;The top three detection rates were Salmonella(67.41%),Vibrio parahaemolyticus(24.41%)and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(3.88%).The positive rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in patients aged>20 years old was higher than that in patients aged≤20 years,and the positive rate of Salmonella in patients aged≤20 years old was higher than that in patients aged>20 years.There were statistically significant differences in the composition ratio between Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella bacteria spectrum at different ages(all P<0.001).The positive rate of patients with bacterial foodborne diseases showed obvious seasonal distribution,and the bimodal distribution was mainly concentrated from February to April and September to November.The positive rate in autumn and summer was higher than that in winter(all P<0.05).The positive rate in summer was higher than that in spring(χ^(2)=7.539,P=0.006).The time of interval between onset and diagnosis of temporary residents was longer than that of permanent residents(Z=5.252,P=0.022),the time of interval between onset and diagnosis of<15 years old was longer than that of 15-30 years old and>30 years old(all P<0.001),the time of interval between onset and diagnosis of patients without abdominal pain was longer than that of patients with abdominal pain(Z=45.880,P<0.001),and the time of interval between onset and diagnosis of children was longer than that of non-children(Z=57.625,P<0.001).Conclusions The suspected bacterial foodborne diseases in Longhua District of Shenzhen City occur most frequently in summer and autumn.Teenagers are the high-risk group for foodborne diarrhea caused by Salmonella infection.People younger than 15 years old and those with temporary registered residence have weak medical awareness,and education work should be strengthened for people with different characteristics.