晚期癌症患者呼吸困难症状管理方案的构建

Development of a symptom management protocol for respiratory distress in advanced cancer patients

目的构建晚期癌症伴呼吸困难症状患者非药物管理方案,以改善患者呼吸困难症状。方法以症状管理理论为指导,采用文献研究法、半结构式访谈构建方案初稿,通过专家小组会议对方案初稿进行修订完善。结果形成以呼吸困难症状评估、呼吸困难症状管理策略、症状管理效果3个部分为框架结构,以呼吸困难症状未发作状态、发作中、发作后3种阶段状态为脉络的晚期癌症患者呼吸困难管理方案。结论方案以循证为基础,考虑患者及专家意见构建,具有较好的可靠性及可操作性,可为晚期癌症患者呼吸困难症状的缓解提供参考。

Objective To develop a non-pharmacological management protocol for patients with advanced cancer experiencing respiratory distress symptoms,aiming to relieve their dyspnea.Methods Guided by symptom management theory,a literature review and semi-structured interviews were conducted to create an initial version of the management protocol.The draft protocol was then revised and refined through expert group meetings.Results The management protocol included three main sections:assessment of respiratory distress symptoms,management strategies,and outcome evaluation;and the protocol also focused on dyspnea before,during,and after the onset.Conclusion This protocol developed by an evidence-based approach and by considering both patient and expert stakeholder opinions,has good reliability and feasibility.It can provide reference for alleviating respiratory distress symptoms in patients with advanced cancer.