近十年我国入侵生物预防与监控研究

Research progresses on management of invasive alien species in China

预防与监控外来入侵物种是保障国家粮食安全、生物安全和生态安全的重要环节。我国是受外来入侵物种侵害最严重的国家之一。近10年来,我国以重大农业外来入侵物种为对象,围绕“治早、治小、治了、治好”和“风险防范、关口前移、源头治理”的防控目标,解析了10余种重大农业入侵生物入侵机制,揭示了多种入侵病原物与宿主媒介的互作关系,完成了120余种入侵物种精准甄别和智能监测预警技术,构建了含130多种入侵物种的基因组数据库,建立了20余种重要入侵物种的扩散阻截技术以及应急处置技术体系。10年间,我国在防范和应对外来入侵物种侵害、保障农林牧渔业可持续发展、保护生物多样性方面的法规和制度保障日趋完善,外来物种入侵防控管理水平、应对外来入侵物种防控需求的科技支撑能力以及在生物入侵领域的国际影响力显著提升。

Prevention and monitoring of invasive alien species is an important step to ensure national food security,biosecurity and ecological security.China has become one of the countries that is most seriously affected by biological invasions.In the past 10 years,focusing on the prevention and control objectives of“treating invasive agricultural species early,treating them small,treating them successful,treating them well”and“risk assessment and prevent,moving forward at the gateway,and treating them at the headstreams”,the disaster mechanism of more than 10 major agricultural invasive organisms was analyzed,and the interaction between various invasive pathogens and host vectors was revealed.Accurate screening and intelligent monitoring and early warning technologies for more than 120 invasive species have been completed,a genome database containing more than 130 invasive species was built,a spread interception technology and emergency response technology system for more than 20 important invasive species was established.As a result of our combined efforts,China’s regulations and institutional safeguards for preventing and responding to invasive alien species have become increasingly sophisticated,helping to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries.Moreover,we have seen significant improvement in efforts to protect biodiversity through controlling and preventing biological invasions.Ultimately,China has substantially increased its scientific and technological capacity to support the needs in managing invasive alien species,with correspondingly greater international influence in biological invasions.