国家公园“灾害”类自然现象管控探析

An Analysis Of the Control“Disaster”Type Natural Phenomena in National Parks

当前全球国家公园所面临的最严峻挑战之一便是极端自然灾害。在世界自然保护联盟、世界教科文组织以及各国家公园管理部门针对“灾害”类自然现象,积极进行管控模式革新的同时,各国国家公园相关管理部门对“灾害”类自然现象的积极科学价值仍尚未达成共识,管控守则与策略均处于探索阶段。在概念阐释基础上,梳理“灾害”类自然现象的科学定义;再解析如何通过管控定位、管控人员、管控策略,在全球国家公园“灾害”类自然现象先锋案例的具体实践;最终聚焦于明确中国国家公园在应对“灾害”类自然现象中所涉及的经济平衡、科研建设、原住民培育、国际联防4方面存在的真实困境,并探析在中国国家公园建设为人类提供颠覆性体验和学习自然的可行性,进而指导中国国家公园管控模式的完善,为中国甚至是全球国家公园体制建设革新提供牢固的实践论证。

One of the greatest challenges facing the world’s national parks today is extreme natural disasters.While IUCN,UNESCO,and national park authorities are actively innovating their management models for natural phenomena such as disasters,national park authorities have yet to reach a consensus on the positive scientifi c value of natural phenomena such as disasters.At the same time,national park authorities have not yet reached a consensus on the positive scientifi c value of natural phenomena,and control codes and strategies are still in the exploratory stage.In this paper,we will sort out the scientifi c defi nition of“disasters”on the basis of conceptual explanation.Then,we will analyze how the pioneer cases of“disaster”type natural phenomena in national parks around the world have been practiced in national parks through the positioning of control,control personnel,and control strategies.In the end,we focus on identifying the real dilemmas of China’s national parks in coping with“disaster”type natural phenomena in terms of economic balance,scientifi c research construction,and international cooperation and defense,and exploring the feasi-bility of providing subversive experiences and learning about nature for human beings in China’s national parks.This will guide the improvement of China’s national park management and control model and provide a solid practical argument for the innovation of China’s and even the world’s national park system.