分类逻辑下应用型大学的界定、困局与突围

On the Definition,Dilemma and Breakthrough of Applied Universities under Classification Logic

作为一种新兴院校类型,应用型大学亟需明确类型边界、厘清发展路径。基于此,本文从高校的分类逻辑和标准出发,选取人才培养的学术性和市场性两个关键指标,构建高校定位二维模型,界定应用型大学概念及特征。在高校分类逻辑下,应用型大学陷入高等教育体系“中部塌陷”困局。以伯顿·克拉克的“三角协调模型”剖析其根源是政府的制度安排和形塑、市场的发育程度和选择、大学内部的游离和摇摆综合作用的结果,因此提出搭建一体化政策框架、优化市场力量渗透融合、彰显应用型教育特质等措施,助推应用型大学突围。

As an emerging type of university,applied universities urgently need to clarify their type boundary and their development path.Based on this,starting from the classification logic and stan-dards of universities,this paper selects two key indicators of academic and marketability of talent training,constructs a two-dimensional mode of university positioning,and defines the concept and characteristics of applied universities.Under the logic of university classification,applied universities fall into the dilemma of“central collapse”of the higher education system.Burton Clark’s“triangular coordination model”analyzes its root cause as the result of the government institutional arrangement and shaping,the development degree and choice of the market,and the comprehensive role of wander-ing and swinging within the university,so it proposes measures such as building an integrated policy framework,optimizing the penetration and integration of market forces,and highlighting the character-istics of applied education to promote the breakthrough of applied universities.