杞柳与骈拇——人性的真与善

QiLiu and Panmu——The Truth and Goodness of Human Nature

在《孟子·告子上·性犹杞柳也章》中,孟子反对将人性视为材料、将仁义视为后天制作的成品的观点,孟子认为此种说法会导致“祸仁义”。在思想史上,这其实就是以《庄子·骈拇》为代表的人性论表达,即强调人性的真,以真来反对后天制作出来的善。孟子的人性论,将仁义视作人性的内容,同时也摄真于善。孟子的人性论是真善合一的,也是人性的最终实现,也是人性之真的自然展开。

Mencius opposes the view that human nature is regarded as a material and benevolence and righteousness as a finished product made after birth.Mencius believes that such a view will lead to the“disaster of benevolence and righteousness”.In the history of thought,this is actually the expression of human nature represented by“Zhuangzi·Pianmu”,that is,emphasizing the truth of human nature and opposing the good made after birth with the truth.Mencius'theory of human nature regards benevolence and righteousness as the content of human nature,and also takes truth in good.In fact,Mencius'theory of human nature is the unity of truth and good,and the ultimate realization of human nature is the natural development of human nature.